Effects of Valproic Acid Embryonic Exposure on Zebrafish: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Exposure to valproic acid (VPA) during embryogenesis has become a valuable tool for modeling neurodevelopmental disorders in animal models such as zebrafish (). This article examines the effects of embryonic exposure to VPA in zebrafish on the basis of 39 articles sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the common impacts of VPA exposure and reported that VPA significantly altered development at various levels.

The Anatomy, Histology, and Function of the Major Pelvic Ganglion.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pelvic plexus and its regulation across various mammalian species, including rats, cats, dogs, and pigs. The pelvic and hypogastric nerves play crucial roles in regulating pelvic functions such as micturition, defecation, and erection. The anatomical organization of these nerves varies, forming either well-defined ganglia or complex plexuses.

Current Opinion on the Use of c-Fos in Neuroscience.

For years, the biochemical processes that are triggered by harmful and non-harmful stimuli at the central nervous system level have been extensively studied by the scientific community through numerous techniques and animal models. For example, one of these techniques is the use of immediate expression genes, which is a useful, accessible, and reliable method for observing and quantifying cell activation. It has been shown that both the gene and its protein c-Fos have rapid activation after stimulus, with the length of time that they remain active depending on the type of stimulus and the activation time depending on the stimulus and the structure studied.

Long-term effects of status epilepticus during infancy in male rats: Sexual behavior and brain response upon exposure to sexually receptive females.

Previous research in female rats showed that induction of status epilepticus (SE) during infancy impairs proceptive sexual behavior at the long run in adulthood but temporarily, since full proceptivity is recovered after four mating trials. In male rats, such equivalent effects have not been explored yet. Thus, SE was experimentally induced by injecting lithium chloride (3 mEq/kg, i.

[Obesity as a risk factor in the development of cancer].

According to the World Health Organization, every year about 3.4 million adults die of consequences related to overweight or obesity. People with a Body Mass Index above 30 are more likely to express certain diseases, including some types of cancer.

Status epilepticus during early development disrupts sexual behavior in adult female rats: recovery with sexual experience.

Female sexual behavior is sensitive to stress and diseases. Some studies have shown that status epilepticus (SE) can affect sexual proceptivity and receptivity in female rats and also increases reject responses towards males. However, epidemiologic studies indicate that SE is more frequent in young individuals.