Deep learning-based segmentation in MRI-(immuno)histological examination of myelin and axonal damage in normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities.

The major vascular cause of dementia is cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Its diagnosis relies on imaging hallmarks, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). WMH present a heterogenous pathology, including myelin and axonal loss.

Three-dimensional identification of microvascular pathology and neurovascular inflammation in severe white matter hyperintensity: a case report.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most prevalent markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is the major vascular risk factor for dementia. Microvascular pathology and neuroinflammation are suggested to drive the transition from normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) to WMH, particularly in individuals with hypertension. However, current imaging techniques cannot capture ongoing NAWM changes.

Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease.

Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients.

The Preventive Effect of Exercise and Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Obesity-Induced Brain Changes in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice.

Exercise and dietary interventions are promising approaches to tackle obesity and its obesogenic effects on the brain. We investigated the impact of exercise and possible synergistic effects of exercise and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on the brain and behavior in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice.

Association between hypertension and neurovascular inflammation in both normal-appearing white matter and white matter hyperintensities.

The major vascular cause of dementia is cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) amongst others. While the underlying pathology of SVD remains unclear, chronic hypertension and neuroinflammation are recognized as important risk factors for SVD and for the conversion of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) to WMH. Unfortunately, most studies investigating the role of neuroinflammation in WMH relied on peripheral blood markers, e.

m.3243A > G-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Impairs Human Neuronal Development and Reduces Neuronal Network Activity and Synchronicity.

Epilepsy, intellectual and cortical sensory deficits, and psychiatric manifestations are the most frequent manifestations of mitochondrial diseases. How mitochondrial dysfunction affects neural structure and function remains elusive, mostly because of a lack of proper in vitro neuronal model systems with mitochondrial dysfunction. Leveraging induced pluripotent stem cell technology, we differentiated excitatory cortical neurons (iNeurons) with normal (low heteroplasmy) and impaired (high heteroplasmy) mitochondrial function on an isogenic nuclear DNA background from patients with the common pathogenic m.