Perioperative prophylaxis with ertapenem reduced infections caused by extended-spectrum betalactamase-producting Enterobacteriaceae after kidney transplantation.

Backgound: In recent years we have witnessed an increase in infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). In our setting, we have observed a dramatic increase in infections caused by extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae in KTR. In 2014 we changed surgical prophylaxis from Cefazolin 2 g to Ertapenem 1 g.

Hepatitis C viremia as a risk factor for opportunistic infections in kidney transplant recipients.

The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical characteristics, frequency of opportunistic infections (OI) in HCV-positive kidney recipients, and to evaluate HCV replication as a risk factor for developing an OI. We conducted a retrospective study of all kidney recipients from 2003 to 2014. A total of 1203 kidney transplants were performed during the study period.

Epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of bacterial infections on outcomes for pancreatic grafts.

We aimed to determine the epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of bacterial infection on pancreatic function after pancreas transplantation. Data for pancreas transplant recipients were retrospectively reviewed between 2000 and 2014 for at least 1 year. We collected and analyzed post-transplant data for bacterial infection, morbidity, and mortality.

Detection of cytomegalovirus drug resistance mutations in solid organ transplant recipients with suspected resistance.

Background: Current guidelines recommend that treatment of resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients must be based on genotypic analysis. However, this recommendation is not systematically followed.

Objectives: To assess the presence of mutations associated with CMV resistance in SOT recipients with suspected resistance, their associated risk factors and the clinical impact of resistance.

Safety and efficacy of daptomycin in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a prospective and multicenter cohort study (DAPTODOM trial).

Background: Daptomycin is an optimal choice for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) because of its safety, once-daily administration and its activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Although daptomycin is increasingly being used in OPAT, limited information about its safety in this scenario is available.

Methods: We performed a prospective multicentre pilot study to evaluate the safety of daptomycin in outpatients with proved or suspected Gram-positive infections (DAPTODOM).

Effect of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients receiving polyclonal antilymphocyte globulins: a propensity score-matching analysis.

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) prevents cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant (KT) patients. From May 2010 to December 2013, all KT recipients were retrospectively analysed. Maintenance immunosuppression regimen was divided into mTORi or calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based regimen.

Genetic variants of innate immune receptors and infections after liver transplantation.

Infection is the leading cause of complication after liver transplantation, causing morbidity and mortality in the first months after surgery. Allograft rejection is mediated through adaptive immunological responses, and thus immunosuppressive therapy is necessary after transplantation. In this setting, the presence of genetic variants of innate immunity receptors may increase the risk of post-transplant infection, in comparison with patients carrying wild-type alleles.

Candida norvegensis fungemia in a liver transplant recipient.

Background: The incidence of candidemia due to non-Candida albicans Candida species has been progressively increasing in recent years. The use of fluconazole as antifungal prophylaxis has been described as a risk factor for the development of infections by fluconazole resistant Candida strains. We report a case of Candida norvegensis bloodstream infection in a liver transplant recipient.

Incidence and outcome of early Candida peritonitis after liver and pancreas transplantation.

Candida peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening infection after abdominal transplantation, although there is scant information regarding its incidence and outcome. We analysed the incidence rate and outcome of Candida peritonitis in 717 liver or pancreas transplant recipients. Five cases of Candida peritonitis were diagnosed, representing the second most frequent cause of invasive fungal infection in the cohort.

Toxoplasma gondii primary infection in renal transplant recipients. Two case reports and literature review.

Toxoplasmosis after solid organ transplantation is a complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. Universal prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is effective to prevent post-transplant toxoplasmosis. We report two cases of renal transplant recipients with negative antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii pretransplant who developed toxoplasmosis after TMP-SMX discontinuation.