A qualitative and quantitative account of patient's experiences of ketamine and its antidepressant properties.

Background: Ketamine is central to one of the most rapidly growing areas of neuroscientific research into novel treatments for depression. Limited research has indicated that the psychedelic properties of ketamine may play a role in its antidepressant effects.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to explore the psychedelic experiences and sustained impact of ketamine in major depressive disorder.

Ketamine improves short-term plasticity in depression by enhancing sensitivity to prediction errors.

Major depressive disorder negatively impacts the sensitivity and adaptability of the brain's predictive coding framework. The current electroencephalography study into the antidepressant properties of ketamine investigated the downstream effects of ketamine on predictive coding and short-term plasticity in thirty patients with depression using the auditory roving mismatch negativity (rMMN). The rMMN paradigm was run 3-4 h after a single 0.

The videoscopic view may not be significantly superior to the directly sighted peroral view during Macintosh-style videolaryngoscopy: a randomized equivalence cadaver trial.

Purpose: Videolaryngoscopy is widely believed to give a superior view to that obtained by direct laryngoscopy. Published literature suggests this benefit extends to both hyper-angulated and Macintosh-style videolaryngoscopes. Notwithstanding, our clinical experience shows that the videoscopic view with a Macintosh-style videolaryngoscope is often no different or only marginally better than the directly sighted peroral view.

Simultaneous EEG/fMRI recorded during ketamine infusion in patients with major depressive disorder.

A single subanaesthetic dose of ketamine rapidly alleviates the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have investigated the acute effects of ketamine on the BOLD pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) response and EEG spectra. In a randomised, double-blind, active placebo-controlled crossover trial, resting-state simultaneous EEG/fMRI was collected during infusion of ketamine or active placebo (remifentanil) in 30 participants with MDD.

Modulation of simultaneously collected hemodynamic and electrophysiological functional connectivity by ketamine and midazolam.

The pharmacological modulation of functional connectivity in the brain may underlie therapeutic efficacy for several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a noninvasive method of assessing this modulation, however, the indirect nature of the blood-oxygen level dependent signal restricts the discrimination of neural from physiological contributions. Here we followed two approaches to assess the validity of fMRI functional connectivity in developing drug biomarkers, using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)/fMRI in a placebo-controlled, three-way crossover design with ketamine and midazolam.

Ketamine Enhances Visual Sensory Evoked Potential Long-term Potentiation in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: The rapid-acting clinical effects of ketamine as a novel treatment for depression along with its complex pharmacology have made it a growing research area. One of the key mechanistic hypotheses for how ketamine works to alleviate depression is by enhancing long-term potentiation (LTP)-mediated neural plasticity.

Methods: The objective of this study was to investigate the plasticity hypothesis in 30 patients with depression noninvasively using visual LTP as an index of neural plasticity.

Temporal dynamics of the pharmacological MRI response to subanaesthetic ketamine in healthy volunteers: A simultaneous EEG/fMRI study.

Background: Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate the neural effects of subanaesthetic ketamine in healthy volunteers. However, the effect of ketamine has been modelled with a single time course and without consideration of physiological noise.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate ketamine-induced alterations in resting neural activity using conventional pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging analysis techniques with physiological noise correction, and a novel analysis utilising simultaneously recorded electroencephalography data.

Comparison of local spectral modulation, and temporal correlation, of simultaneously recorded EEG/fMRI signals during ketamine and midazolam sedation.

Rationale And Objectives: The identification of biomarkers of drug action can be supported by non-invasive brain imaging techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with simultaneous collection plausibly overcoming the limitations of either modality alone. Despite this, few studies have assessed the feasibility and utility of recording simultaneous EEG/fMRI in a drug study.

Methods: We used simultaneous EEG/fMRI to assess the modulation of neural activity by ketamine and midazolam, in a placebo-controlled, single-blind, three-way cross-over design.

The Role of ECMO in the "At-Risk" Tracheal Extubation: A Case Report.

Tracheal extubation requires careful planning and preparation. We present the extubation of a patient with severe ankylosing spondylitis after cervical spine surgery. We discuss the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in this "at-risk" extubation, where our ability to oxygenate was uncertain and reintubation was predicted to be difficult.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the anticipated difficult airway: a case report and systematic review.

While extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective method of oxygenation for patients with respiratory failure, further refinement of its incorporation into airway guidelines is needed. We present a case of severe glottic stenosis from advanced thyroid carcinoma in which gas exchange was facilitated by veno-arterial ECMO prior to achieving a definitive airway. We also conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, using the keywords "airway/ tracheal obstruction", "anesthesia", "extracorporeal", and "cardiopulmonary bypass" to identify reports where ECMO was initiated as the a priori method of oxygenation during difficult airway management.

Transoral laser microsurgery for early laryngeal cancer.

The decision to treat patients suffering from glottic cancer with either radiotherapy or surgery is both complex and controversial. Transoral laser microsurgery is a surgical technique that offers an attractive alternative therapy for laryngeal cancer. In addition to excellent oncologic outcomes and organ preservation, the benefits of transoral laser microsurgery include low morbidity and mortality, shorter periods of hospitalization and exceptional functional results.