Chitosan microparticles for the controlled delivery of fluoride.

Objectives: To manufacture and characterise chitosan/fluoride microparticles prepared by spray drying and assess their utility as controlled release vehicles for fluoride.

Methods: Microparticles were manufactured from dispersions containing 1.0% and 2.

A systematic comparison of the actual, potential, and theoretical health effects of cobalt and chromium exposures from industry and surgical implants.

Humans are exposed to cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) from industry and surgical devices, most notably orthopedic joint replacements. This review compares the potential health effects of exposure to Co and Cr contaminants from these two different sources, both in the locally exposed tissues and at sites distant to the primary exposure. Surgical implantation results largely in exposures to ions, corrosion products, and particles of Co and Cr.