High-pressure and -temperature ion exchange of aluminosilicate and gallosilicate natrolite.

The simultaneous application of high pressure and high temperature has been used to achieve direct ion exchange of large cesium cations for the small sodium cations found in the zeolite natrolite by putting it into a superhydrated state with increased pore size. The larger cations remain trapped upon pressure release, and thus, this method is a means of producing new cationic forms of zeolites.

Dopamine, but not serotonin, regulates reversal learning in the marmoset caudate nucleus.

Studies of visual discrimination reversal learning have revealed striking neurochemical dissociations at the level of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with serotoninergic, but not dopaminergic, integrity being important for successful reversal learning. These findings have considerable implications for disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia, in which reversal learning is impaired, and which are primarily treated with drugs targeting the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Dysfunction in such disorders however, is not limited to the OFC and extends subcortically to other structures implicated in reversal learning, such as the medial caudate nucleus.

Autonomic, behavioral, and neural analyses of mild conditioned negative affect in marmosets.

Avoidance and alerting behaviors and accompanying physiological responses, including changes in heart rate (HR), are core components of negative emotion. Investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation and integration of these responses require animal models that simultaneously measure both the physiological and behavioral components of emotion. A primate model is of particular importance in view of the well developed prefrontal cortex of primates, and this region's critical role in emotion regulation and the etiology of affective disorders.

The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on repair of epithelial cell monolayers in vitro.

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is widely used to accelerate tissue regeneration following injury, but the biological mechanisms of this effect are poorly understood. An in vitro model of epithelial wound healing was used to investigate the effect of LIPUS on the reepithelialization of scrape wounds in normal human urothelial (NHU) cell monolayers. The effects of clinical doses of ultrasound treatment on NHU cell growth and migration were investigated in cells grown under optimal conditions, without growth supplements and in media containing low vs.

Single linkage group per chromosome genetic linkage map for the horse, based on two three-generation, full-sibling, crossbred horse reference families.

A genetic linkage map of the horse consisting of 742 markers, which comprises a single linkage group for each of the autosomes and the X chromosome, is presented. The map has been generated from two three-generation full-sibling reference families, sired by the same stallion, in which there are 61 individuals in the F2 generation. Each linkage group has been assigned to a chromosome and oriented with reference to markers mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Autocrine regulation of human urothelial cell proliferation and migration during regenerative responses in vitro.

Regeneration of the urothelium is rapid and effective in order to maintain a barrier to urine following tissue injury. Whereas normal human urothelial (NHU) cells are mitotically quiescent and G0 arrested in situ, they rapidly enter the cell cycle upon seeding in primary culture and show reversible growth arrest at confluency. We have used this as a model to investigate the role of EGF receptor signaling in urothelial regeneration and wound-healing.