Management of respiratory distress syndrome in moderate/late preterm neonates: A Delphi consensus.

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most frequent cause of respiratory distress in preterm neonates. In the management of RDS, surfactant plays a pivotal role, but there are no evidence-based recommendations for moderate/late preterm neonates (32-36 weeks).

Methods: A scientific committee developed a questionnaire with 53 questions addressing diagnosis, treatment, potential complications and future trends in RDS specifically focused on moderate and late preterm neonates.

Relevance of enteroviruses in neonatal meningitis.

Introduction: Enterovirus (EV) infections are the most frequent infections in the neonatal period and in many cases lead to hospital admission of the newborn (NB). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of EV in the etiology of neonatal meningitis and to define the clinical characteristics of newborns with EV meningitis.

Material And Method: Retrospective observational cohort study.

[Follow-up recommendations for the late preterm infant].

The population of late preterm infants (PT), those born between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation, accounts for 70-74% of all premature infants, and is not specifically included in most of the follow-up protocols for preterm infants. For many years, PTs have been handled as if they were term newborns, which has led to a limited knowledge of their outcome in the medium and long term. Their neonatal morbidity is associated with a higher incidence of postnatal complications, with an increased rate of hospital re-admissions due to malnutrition, hyperbilirubinaemia, and respiratory problems, when compared to term infants.

[Follow-up protocol for newborns of birthweight less than 1500 g or less than 32 weeks gestation].

The mortality of children with a birthweight of less than 1500g or with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks (<1500<32) has decreased significantly in the last 20 years or so. Given the higher risk of disability in these children, follow-up after hospital discharge is considered essential. In this document, the Follow-Up Group of the Spanish Society of Neonatology, in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Paediatric Primary Care, propose a follow-up protocol specific for the<1500<32, which has as its aim to standardise the activities and evaluations according to good practice criteria.

Epidural hematoma.

Epidural hematomas are rare birth injuries, and spontaneous presentation is exceptional. We present 2 cases of newborns with spontaneous epidural hematomas after delivery. In both cases, cerebral hemorrhage was associated with skull fracture and cephalohematoma.