Lung UltrasouNd Guided surfactant therapy in preterm infants: an international multicenter randomized control trial (LUNG study).

Background: The management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature newborns is based on different types of non-invasive respiratory support and on surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) to avoid mechanical ventilation as it may eventually result in lung damage. European guidelines currently recommend SRT only when the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) exceeds 0.30.

Physiological responses and behavioural organization of very low birth weight infants during swaddled versus traditional weighing.

Aim: Despite the consequences of neonatal distress and agitation, preterm infants undergo stress owing to weighing procedures. The objective of this study was to enable very low birth weight infants to maintain adequate self-regulation during weighing.

Design: This prospective crossover study utilizes a within-subjects design, where intervention days were compared to control days.

The role of human milk feeds on inotrope use in newborn infants with sepsis.

Background: Regarding neonatal hypotension, there is no certainty as to whether inotrope properties are beneficial or whether they may be harmful. However, given that the antioxidant content of human milk plays a compensatory role in neonatal sepsis and that human milk feeding has direct effects in modulating the cardiovascular function of sick neonates, this research hypothesized that human milk feeds might predict lower requirements of vasopressors in the management of neonatal septic shock.

Method: Between January 2002 and December 2017, all late preterm and full-term infants attending a neonatal intensive care unit, with clinical and laboratory findings of bacterial or viral sepsis, were identified in a retrospective study.

Active approach in delivery room and survival of infants born between 22 and 26 gestational weeks are increasing in Spain.

Aim: To describe the trends in the delivery room approach and survival of extremely premature infants over the past two decades.

Methods: Time-series analysis of infants included in the Spanish SEN1500 network from 2004 to 2019. Patients born from 22 + 0 to 26 + 6 weeks were included.

Changes in perinatal management and outcomes in infants born at 23 weeks of gestational age during the last decade in Spain.

Introduction: The 2021-updated guidelines of the Spanish Society of Neonatology Guidelines have moved the zone of parental discretion to 23 + 0-23 + 6 weeks. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in perinatal management at this gestational age along the last decade and to determine if a more active perinatal management has contributed to improved outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the 23-week infants included in the Spanish SEN 1500 neonatal network during the period 2010-2019.

Maternal mental health and breastfeeding amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study in Catalonia (Spain).

Background: Covid-19 pandemic became an unexpected stressor for the entire population and, particularly, for pregnant women and lactating mothers. The alarming infectious risk together with the lockdown period could affect the emotional state of mothers-to-be, as well as breastfeeding rates, mother-baby bonding, or neonatal weight gain. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of this world health emergency in mother-baby pairs right after the first wave of Sars-Cov-2 pandemic (from March to May 2020).

Inadequate Weight Gain According to the Institute of Medicine 2009 Guidelines in Women with Gestational Diabetes: Frequency, Clinical Predictors, and the Association with Pregnancy Outcomes.

Background: In the care of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), more attention is put on glycemic control than in factors such as gestational weight gain (GWG). We aimed to evaluate the rate of inadequate GWG in women with GDM, its clinical predictors and the association with pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Cohort retrospective analysis.

Breastfeeding Disparities between Multiples and Singletons by NICU Discharge.

Multiple pregnancy increases the risk of a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including breastfeeding failure. However, studies on predictive factors of breastfeeding duration in preterm twin infants have a conflicting result. The purpose of this observational study was to compare feeding practices, at hospital discharge, of twin and singleton very low birth weight infants.

Spanish survey on follow-up programmes for children born very preterm.

Aim: To describe variations in practice between follow-up programmes for very preterm children born at less than 32 weeks' gestation or with very low birth weight of less than 1,500 g.

Methods: A survey on follow-up practices was electronically distributed to level II and III units among hospitals of the Spanish National Health Service in 2016. The survey included 70 questions covering issues such as follow-up organisation and resources, routine assessments, relationships with other services and families, information management and training.

Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review.

The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding.