Pediatric intracranial aneurysms in a Southern Brazilian population.

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms are rare in the pediatric population, and their diagnosis can be challenging. They differ from their adult counterparts in several aspects, and hemorrhage is the most common presentation.

Objective: To evaluate clinical data, aneurysm characteristics, and therapeutic results in a series of patients younger than 19 years of age with intracranial aneurysms.

Solitaire AB Stent Deployment for Treatment of Basilar Apex Aneurysm via the Posterior Communicating Artery.

Aim: To report the retrograde technique of horizontal stenting through the PCoA using a Solitaire AB stent.

Material And Methods: A self-expandable stent was deployed from one posterior cerebral artery to the opposite, across the neck of a ruptured wide-neck basilar apex aneurysm.

Results: The technique allowed successful aneurysm embolization with coils in a 53-year-old woman.

Moyamoya disease and syndrome: a review.

Moyamoya disease is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease that is non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic. It is characterized by endothelial hyperplasia and fibrosis of the intracranial portion of the carotid artery and its proximal branches, leading to progressive stenosis and occlusion, often clinically manifesting as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with high rates of morbidity and mortality. On cerebral angiography, the formation of collateral vessels has the appearance of a puff of smoke (moyamoya in Japanese), which became more conspicuous with the refinement of modern imaging techniques.

Ondine's curse: myth meets reality.

Ondine's curse is one of the most enchanting mythical tales in the field of Medicine. The nymph Ondine was an immortal water spirit who became human after falling in love for a man, marrying him, and having a baby. In one of the versions of the tale, when she caught her husband sleeping with another woman, she cursed him to remain awake in order to control his own breathing.

Matas test revisited: carotid compression for embolization of high-flow pediatric pial arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective: Cerebral pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular malformation and may cause hemorrhage and neurological deficit. The presence of high-flow shunts constitutes a challenge when performing the endovascular technique, due to risk of distal embolization. The authors report a simple maneuver, adapted from the Matas test, that was successfully applied to treat a child with two pial AVFs.

Pediatric Cervical Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Treated by Endovascular Approach.

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare, benign, and expansible bone lesion, occurring mainly in childhood. Although most lesions are located at the metaphysis of long bones, they can also be found in flat bones and spine.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with cervical ABC treated by endovascular embolization.

Complications of Endovascular Treatment in Fibromuscular Dysplasia.

Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia affects generally renal artery, causing renovascular hypertension. The most classical angiographic pattern, string-of-beads, can be found in cervical and more rarely in other arteries. With the advance of endovascular procedures techniques, the number of open surgeries is decreasing, and complications related to the selective catheterization of diseased vessels are increasing.

Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Associated with Dental Implant.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are characterized by pathologic shunts between meningeal arteries and venous sinuses, without nidus. Although many lesions are considered idiopathic, there may be an association with inflammatory processes, including sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, craniotomy, trauma, and infections.

Case Description: A 50-year-old woman with an infectious complication of a dental implant evolved with an occipital DAVF.

Cerebellar mutism after embolization of vermian arteriovenous malformation.

Background: Cerebellar mutism is usually associated with posterior fossa tumor surgery.

Case Report: We report a case of a 17-year-old female, presented with headache and tremor after hemorrhage from a vermian arteriovenous malformation. She was successfully treated by embolization; however, on immediate postoperative, she developed persistent mutism.

Henrique Dumont: how a traumatic brain injury contributed to the development of the airplane.

The life and death of Henrique Dumont (1832-1892) is little known, being usually remembered as Alberto Santos-Dumont's father. This report describes the history of this Brazilian engineer, also known as the King of Coffee, who achieved enormous business success and fortune in the late nineteenth century. In 1890, during the inspection of his farm, the world's largest coffee plantation at that time, he fell from a carriage, which left him a hemiplegic.

Endovascular Treatment of a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula after Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis in a Child.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is rare in children. Development theories postulate a response to cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) or to venous hypertension. The symptoms are highly nonspecific and depend on lesion location.

Atypical Presentation of PHACE Syndrome: Hidden Facial Hemangioma.

PHACE(S) syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome with a wide array of presentations. The most known and present trait is facial hemangioma > 5 cm. The name is an acronym for Posterior fossa malformations, infantile Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, aortic Coarctation, Eye abnormalities, and middle-line malformations of the Sternum.

Scalp Cirsoid Aneurysm: An Updated Systematic Literature Review and an Illustrative Case Report.

Scalp cirsoid aneurysm is an arteriovenous fistula of the scalp that is unconnected by intracranial or cerebral vessels. Variceal dilatation of draining veins can produce cosmetic concerns, masses, local pain, palpable thrills, and audible bruits, headache, tinnitus, and hemorrhage. Its etiopathogenesis is not well understood.

Is the Mayfield Head Holder Obligatory for Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping?

Intracranial aneurysm surgery is commonly performed using pinned head holders, which pose a higher risk for the pediatric population. Several authors recommend avoiding the use of this device when it is not strictly necessary, and this is currently possible considering advances in anesthesiology and monitoring. As the literature on microsurgery without skull clamp use is scant, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy presenting with a subarachnoid hemorrhage after rupture of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

Cognitive and psychiatric changes as first clinical presentation in Sneddon syndrome.

Sneddon syndrome (SS) is a rare progressive non-inflammatory thrombotic vasculopathy affecting small/medium-sized blood vessels of unknown origin. It is strongly associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (AA). The presence of livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular disease are hallmark features.

Single-session percutaneous embolization with onyx and coils of sinus pericranii.

Background: Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare vascular malformation consisting of an abnormal communication between the extra- and the intracranial venous system. It occurs due to the adhesion of vessels without a muscular layer or a hemangioma on the outer surface of the skull through diploic vessels, communicating with an intracranial venous sinus.

Case Description: A 10-month-old female presented with a pulsatile mass on the posterior parietal region.

Rescue therapy with stent retrievers for thromboembolism during endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Thromboembolism is the most frequent complication in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, causing disability and death. As stent retrievers have achieved high rates of arterial recanalization in the management of ischemic stroke, these devices were tested as rescue therapy of thromboembolism during aneurysm embolization. We retrospectively analyzed 10 consecutive patients with transprocedural arterial occlusion, treated with mechanical thrombectomy at a single center.

Facial palsy after embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are unusual intracranial vascular malformations consisting of anomalous connections between meningeal arteries and dural sinuses or the veins that pass through them. They have variable clinical presentation and prognosis, which depend on their location and venous hemodynamics. Treatment is based on the closure of the abnormal connections, which is usually conducted via arterial and/or transvenous endovascular techniques.