Coarse entropy of metric spaces.

Coarse geometry studies metric spaces on the large scale. The recently introduced notion of coarse entropy is a tool to study dynamics from the coarse point of view. We prove that all isometries of a given metric space have the same coarse entropy and that this value is a coarse invariant.

Annular remodelling predicts outcome in isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation: a registry-based echocardiographic analysis.

Aims: Depending on volume status, secondary tricuspid regurgitation (sTR) has a strong dynamic component. In contrast, associated structural dilatation of the tricuspid annulus and the right heart chambers may be less volume dependent. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of right heart remodelling in isolated severe sTR (isoTR).

Specificity of anhedonic alterations in resting-state network connectivity and structure: A transdiagnostic approach.

Anhedonia is a prominent characteristic of depression and related pathology that is associated with a prolonged course of mood disturbance and treatment resistance. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia are poorly understood as few studies have disentangled the specific effects of anhedonia from other co-occurring symptoms. Here, we take a transdiagnostic, dimensional approach to distinguish anhedonia alterations from other internalizing symptoms on intrinsic functional brain circuits.

Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Function Parameters in the Presence of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: Presence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has a significant impact on assessment of right ventricular function (RVF) in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). High trans-valvular pendulous volume leads to backward-unloading of the right ventricle. Consequently, established cut-offs for normal systolic performance may overestimate true systolic RVF.

Severe tricuspid regurgitation: prognostic role of right heart remodelling and pulmonary hypertension.

Aims: Left heart diseases (LHDs) are the main driving forces for the development of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Therefore, in most cases, the true prognostic value of TR remains concealed by concomitant LHD. This study aimed to analyse right heart remodelling in patients with TR without other valve disease and with normal systolic left ventricular function (sysLVF), and to stratify its prognostic value in the presence (dPH, maximal TR velocity signal (TRVmax) ≥ 3.

A machine learning algorithm supports ultrasound-naïve novices in the acquisition of diagnostic echocardiography loops and provides accurate estimation of LVEF.

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most important parameter in the assessment of cardiac function. A machine-learning algorithm was trained to guide ultrasound-novices to acquire diagnostic echocardiography images. The artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm then estimates LVEF from the captured apical-4-chamber (AP4), apical-2-chamber (AP2), and parasternal-long-axis (PLAX) loops.

Structure and function of the microbial community in an in situ reactor to treat an acidic mine pit lake.

Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are a promising option for the treatment of acid mine drainage. We studied the structure and function of a biofilm in a methanol-fed fixed-bed in-lake reactor for the treatment of an acidic pit lake by a combination of laboratory incubations, chemical and molecular analyses and confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine whether competition by different groups of microorganisms as well as the precipitation of minerals affect reactor performance negatively. The biofilm growing on the surface of a synthetic carrier material consisted of dense microbial colonies covered by iron-sulfide precipitates.

Processes at the sediment water interface after addition of organic matter and lime to an Acid Mine Pit Lake mesocosm.

A strategy to neutralize acidic pit lakes was tested in a field mesocosm of 4500 m(3) volume in the Acidic Pit Mine Lake 111 in Germany. Carbokalk, a byproduct from sugar production, and wheat straw was applied near to the sediment surface to stimulate in lake microbial alkalinity generation by sulfate and iron reduction. The biogeochemical processes at the sediment-water interface were studied over 3 years by geochemical monitoring and an in situ microprofiler.

Selection defines design.

The era of "extension for prevention" used restorative materials and cavity preparation designs in an attempt to arrest the caries process. In the new era of "prevention to eliminate extension," many of the old limitations are no longer applicable because of advances in research and technology. The advances in restorative materials and adhesive technology require the use of an adhesive design concept when considering restorative material selection, preparation designs, and adhesive protocol and placement procedures and techniques.

Microbial sulfate reduction at low pH in sediments of an acidic lake in Argentina.

We measured sulfate reduction in the acidic (pH < or = 3) sediment of an Argentinean lake influenced by volcanism. Sulfate reduction rates of 2.04 mmol m(-2) d(-1) were determined with a 35SO4(2-) core injection method and confirmed by batch incubations and from H2S measurements in the sediment.

Anatomical form defines color: function, form, and aesthetics.

Contemporary composite materials enable the reproduction of polychromatic effects within a tooth. A broader definition of color that incorporates the anatomy and optical properties of a tooth must be developed so the dental professional can better understand the infinite possibilities of color that exist within the tooth and restoration. This article describes a direct protocol for the development of natural restorations in the posterior dentition through the integration of function, form, and color.

The importance of laboratory communication in modern dental practice: stone models without faces.

The development of advanced communication technology has enabled clinicians and ceramists to deliver improved dental care to their patients. This article highlights the importance of communication between the clinician, laboratory technician, and patient for the fabrication and delivery of aesthetic restorations. The use of stone models, photography, shade prescriptions, and occlusal relationships is demonstrated as a means to achieve this objective.

The energy budget of two sympatric Daphnia species in Lake Constance: productivity and energy residence times.

Two Daphnia species, D. hyalina and D. galeata, are living in Lake Constance.

A preliminary consideration of the glass-ceramic dowel post and core.

Both cast ceramic and metal post and cores were made for endodontically treated extracted teeth and restored with ceramic restorations. The ceramic posts did not change the translucency or color of the natural tooth, in contrast to the metal posts, which altered both. A clinical study followed, with eight restorations placed for a mean period of service of 11.

Selective feeding of four zooplankton species on natural lake phytoplankton.

Grazing experiments evaluated by microscopical counting were conducted with different size classes of Daphnia hyalina, D. galeata, Eudiaptomus gracilis, and Cyclops sp., all from Lake Constance, using natural lake phytoplankton as food.

Filter mesh size and food particle uptake by Daphnia.

Food size selection of four Daphnia, species (D. magna, D. hyalina, D.