Percutaneous Neuromodulation of the Brachial Plexus and Sciatic Nerve for the Treatment of Acute Pain Following Surgery: Secondary Outcomes From a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.

Objectives: We recently reported that percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS or "neuromodulation") decreased pain and opioid consumption within the first two weeks following ambulatory surgery. However, the anatomic lead locations were combined for the analysis, and benefits for each location remain unknown. We therefore now report the effects of percutaneous PNS for brachial plexus and sciatic nerve leads separately.

Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study.

Background: Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation is an analgesic technique involving the percutaneous implantation of a lead followed by the delivery of electric current using an external pulse generator. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation has been used extensively for chronic pain, but only uncontrolled series have been published for acute postoperative pain. The current multicenter study was undertaken to (1) determine the feasibility and optimize the protocol for a subsequent clinical trial and (2) estimate the treatment effect of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation on postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

A Case Report of the Anesthetic Management of a Parturient With Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia and Complete Placenta Previa.

A multidisciplinary approach among the obstetric, hematological, pharmaceutical, nursing, and anesthetic team proved essential for the successful peripartum management of a gravida 3, para 2 female with a new diagnosis of congenital hypofibrinogenemia complicated by a complete placenta previa. The patient presented to labor and delivery triage with vaginal bleeding. This case report describes the management of this parturient and presents a review of the literature available for the anesthetic management of parturients with congenital hypofibrinogenemia.

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: A Pragmatic Effectiveness Trial of a Nonpharmacologic Alternative for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain.

Background: Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an analgesic modality involving the insertion of a lead through an introducer needle followed by the delivery of electric current after needle withdrawal. This modality has been used extensively to treat chronic pain, but only small series have been published involving postoperative pain. The ultimate objective of this study is to determine the postoperative effects of percutaneous PNS following moderately to severely painful ambulatory surgery within a real-world clinical practice setting.

Discrete and Dynamic Postoperative Pain Catastrophizing Trajectories Across 6 Months: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: To investigate pain catastrophizing presentations up to 6 months postoperatively and subsequent changes in pain intensity and physical function.

Design: Prospective observational multisite study.

Setting: Two tertiary care facilities between 2016 and 2019.

Infant perception of atypical speech signals.

The ability to decode atypical and degraded speech signals as intelligible is a hallmark of speech perception. Human adults can perceive sounds as speech even when they are generated by a variety of nonhuman sources including computers and parrots. We examined how infants perceive the speech-like vocalizations of a parrot.

Analgesic efficacy of intravenous naloxone for the treatment of postoperative pruritus: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: Pruritus may be a significant problem for patients in the postoperative period. There are many options for the treatment of pruritus including intravenous (IV) naloxone. However, it is not clear whether the use of IV naloxone may also affect analgesia or other opioid-related side effects.

Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: a meta-analysis.

Study Objective: To determine if the use of ultrasound guidance (vs non-ultrasound techniques) improves the success rate of nerve blocks.

Design: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the published literature.

Setting: University medical center.

Dexmedetomidine and proprofol in complex microlaryngeal surgery in infants.

We describe the case of an infant undergoing endoscopic repair of a laryngeal cleft where the combination of dexmedetomidine and propofol infusions was used as the anesthetic technique. With this regimen, endotracheal intubation was unnecessary during the perioperative period, the procedure lasted approximately 3h, and the child recovered uneventfully. Historically, the techniques used for microlaryngeal surgery involve the use of intermittent endotracheal intubation and insufflation of halogenated anesthetics to the oropharynx.

Transfer of conditional reasoning: effects of explanations and initial problem types.

Transfer of reasoning on Wason's (1966) selection task was explored in three experiments. Experiment 1 tested the effects of problem explanations and verbalization instructions on transfer from abstract or thematic problems to abstract problems. Explanations facilitated transfer only when the initial problems were abstract; verbalization did not produce transfer between problems.

Development of a bacteriophage typing system for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

A bacteriophage typing system for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was developed with phages isolated from poultry feces. Data for phage selection were generated from a set of isolates of C. jejuni and C.

Factors affecting trauma center utilization in Illinois.

The Illinois Trauma System has served as a prototype for many of the advanced emergency medical services systems developed during the past decade. The Illinois Trauma Study uses a cross-sectional research design to assess the trauma patient utilization patterns at hospitals in Illinois. Data were collected from 33 Trauma Centers and 43 nonsystem hospitals for the time interval July 1973-June 1974.

An evaluation of the Illinois trauma registry: the completeness of case reporting.

The Illinois Trauma Registry (ITR) was developed as the principal evaluative tool for the comprehensive set of medical programs known as the Illinois Trauma System. In order to determine the completeness of case reporting to the ITR, a 10% sample of traumatic injuries was drawn at 33 hospitals designated as Trauma Centers. An attempt was then made to link the cases found at the Trauma Centers with those in the ITR; theoretically, all cases found in the Trauma Center should appear in the ITR.

The keratinization potential of crevicular epithelium: an experimental study.

Free grafts, consisting of nonkeratinized crevicular epithelium and supporting connective tissue, were placed into recipient beds prepared in nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa of the rhesus monkey. Four weeks later these grafts clinically resembled keratinized gingiva and this was confirmed by biopsy and histological examination. Electron microscopy indicated that the connective tissue supporting the crevicular epithelium changed to resemble that supporting keratinized gingiva in the 4-week graft.

A model for epidemiologic research.

Health sciences students should understand the fundamentals of epidemiologic methods that can lead to major advances in the treatment of disease. To this end, the research process is defined and a three-dimensional model that considers some basic elements of epidemiologic research--time, place, and strategy--is described. The strategies available to the investigator (descriptive, analytic, and experimental) and the possible time frames (retrospective, concurrent, and prospective) are illustrated in terms of field investigations that involve problems of infection, nutrition, dysplasia, metabolism, and cancer.

The estimated survival probability index of trauma severity.

An index of survival rates associated with ICDA injury codes was constructed with data from the 1973 Hospital Discharge Survey (HDS). Discharge records from three regions covered by the HDS allowed estimation of survival rates among patients suffering single injuries coded under 92 ICDA integers. These estimated rates were then applied to records from the fourth HDS region, including those for patients suffering multiple injuries: estimated survival probability index values were generated as the product of the single-condition survival rates for each patient's various injuries.