Optimizing blast design and bench geometry for stability and productivity in open pit limestone mines using experimental and numerical approaches.

Optimizing blast design and bench geometry is crucial for enhancing the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of open-pit mining operations. This study examines the effects of blast design and bench geometry adjustments on bench slope stability through numerical modelling under static and dynamic loading conditions. Extensive data on rock mass, blast design parameters, and geomechanical properties were analyzed to assess these optimizations.