Running Gait Complexity During an Overground, Mass-Participation Five-Kilometre Run.

Human locomotion contains innate variability which may provide health insights. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has been used to quantify the temporal structure of variability for treadmill running, although it has been less commonly applied to uncontrolled overground running. This study aimed to determine how running gait complexity changes in response to gradient and elapsed exercise duration during uncontrolled overground running.

Actinobacteria as Promising Biocontrol Agents for In Vitro and In Planta Degradation and Detoxification of Zearalenone.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin found in grains and grain-derived products, inducing adverse health effects in both animals and humans. The in-field application of microorganisms to degrade and detoxify ZEN is a promising strategy to enhance the safety of food and feed. In this study, we investigated the potential of three actinobacterial strains to degrade and detoxify ZEN in vitro and in planta on wheat ears.

Runners' responses to a biofeedback intervention aimed to reduce tibial acceleration differ within and between individuals.

An increment in peak tibial acceleration (PTA) may be related to an increased risk of running-rated injury. Many authors believe that reducing PTA through improved shock-absorption could, therefore, help prevent injury. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the individual responses of participants to a biofeedback intervention aimed at reducing PTA.

A Single-Sensor Approach to Quantify Gait in Patients with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterised by progressive lower-limb spasticity and weakness resulting in ambulation difficulties. During clinical practice, walking is observed and/or assessed by timed 10-metre walk tests; time, feasibility, and methodological reliability are barriers to detailed characterisation of patients' walking abilities when instrumenting this test. Wearable sensors have the potential to overcome such drawbacks once a validated approach is available for patients with HSP.

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Rescue of mitochondrial function is a promising neuroprotective strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has shown considerable promise as a mitochondrial rescue agent across a range of preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of PD.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and tolerability of high-dose UDCA in PD and determine midbrain target engagement.

Innovative Rhizosphere-Based Enrichment under P-Limitation Selects for Bacterial Isolates with High-Performance P-Solubilizing Traits.

The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as inoculants for the rhizosphere is a well-known strategy to mitigate P-deficiency in plants. However, despite the multiple modes of action to render P available for plants, PSB often fail to deliver in the field as their selection is often based on a single P-solubilizing trait assessed Anticipating these shortcomings, we screened 250 isolates originating from rhizosphere-based enriched consortia for the main P-solubilizing traits, and subsequently grouped the isolates through trait-based HCPC (hierarchical clustering on principal components). Representative isolates of each cluster were tested in an experiment to compare their P-solubilizing traits with their performance under conditions of P-deprivation.

A Novel In Planta Enrichment Method Employing -Infected Wheat Spikes to Select for Competitive Biocontrol Bacteria.

This work introduces an alternative workflow for the discovery of novel bacterial biocontrol agents in wheat against head blight (FHB). Unlike the mass testing of isolate collections, we started from a diverse inoculum by extracting microbiomes from ears of field-grown plants at grain filling stage. Four distinct microbial communities were generated which were exposed to 3 14-day culture-independent experimental enrichments on detached wheat spikes infected with PH1.

Uncovering New Insights and Misconceptions on the Effectiveness of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria in Plants: A Meta-Analysis.

As the awareness on the ecological impact of chemical phosphate fertilizers grows, research turns to sustainable alternatives such as the implementation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), which make largely immobile phosphorous reserves in soils available for uptake by plants. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms by which plants facilitate P-uptake and illustrate how PSB improve the bioavailability of this nutrient. Next, the effectiveness of PSB on increasing plant biomass and P-uptake is assessed using a meta-analysis approach.

How Diverse Is Medicinal Chemistry? Insights into Race, Ethnicity, Origin, Gender, and Geography.

A bibliometric study of authors across medicinal chemistry journals over 20 years reveals important trends. Most United States (US) based authors are assigned as racially/ethnically Asian or White; few are Black or Hispanic. More US coauthors have the same race/ethnicity as the corresponding author than expected.

Technical validation of real-world monitoring of gait: a multicentric observational study.

Introduction: Existing mobility endpoints based on functional performance, physical assessments and patient self-reporting are often affected by lack of sensitivity, limiting their utility in clinical practice. Wearable devices including inertial measurement units (IMUs) can overcome these limitations by quantifying digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) both during supervised structured assessments and in real-world conditions. The validity of IMU-based methods in the real-world, however, is still limited in patient populations.

Bacterial Enrichment Cultures Biotransform the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol into a Novel Metabolite Toxic to Plant and Porcine Cells.

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced in wheat, barley and maize by and , is threatening the health of humans and animals. With its worldwide high incidence in food and feed, mitigation strategies are needed to detoxify DON, maintaining the nutritional value and palatability of decontaminated commodities. A promising technique is biological degradation, where microorganisms are used to biotransform mycotoxins into less toxic metabolites.

Shifts in the rhizobiome during consecutive in planta enrichment for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria differentially affect maize P status.

Phosphorus (P) is despite its omnipresence in soils often unavailable for plants. Rhizobacteria able to solubilize P are therefore crucial to avoid P deficiency. Selection for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is frequently done in vitro; however, rhizosphere competence is herein overlooked.

Development of an gastro-intestinal pig model to screen potential detoxifying agents for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin with worldwide high incidence in feed which is produced by species. Strategies are needed to eliminate its health risk for livestock and to minimise its economic impact on production. In order to assess the efficacy of potential physical, chemical and biological DON detoxifying agents, a good model is necessary to perform a fast and high-throughput screening of new compounds before trials are set up.

High Variability in Silver Particle Characteristics, Silver Concentrations, and Production Batches of Commercially Available Products Indicates the Need for a More Rigorous Approach.

Due to the beneficial properties of silver, it is anticipated that the number of commercially available applications will keep growing during the next decade. In this study, 14 different commercial products that claim to contain solid silver were characterized by visual analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover the variation between production batches-which has never been researched before-was investigated.

Evaluation is treatment for low back pain.

: To investigate the effect of the examination process (history taking and physical examination) on pain and function. : An observational cohort trial of patients presenting to outpatient physical therapy clinics for the first time with low back pain (n = 34, 57.7 ± 18.

Revealing the Importance of Aging, Environment, Size and Stabilization Mechanisms on the Stability of Metal Nanoparticles: A Case Study for Silver Nanoparticles in a Minimally Defined and Complex Undefined Bacterial Growth Medium.

Although the production and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is well understood, the behavior of these MNPs (possible aggregation or disaggregation) when they are intentionally or unintentionally exposed to different environments is a factor that continues to be underrated or overlooked. A case study is performed to analyze the stability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-one of the most frequently used MNPs with excellent antibacterial properties-within two bacterial growth media: a minimally defined medium (IDL) and an undefined complex medium (LB). Moreover, the effect of aging, size and stabilization mechanisms is considered.

Assessment of the reliability of the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in single subject "round-robin" and multi-centre settings.

Objective: The motor unit size index (MUSIX) is incorporated into the motor unit number index (MUNIX). Our objective was to assess the intra-/inter-rater reliability of MUSIX in healthy volunteers across single subject "round robin" and multi-centre settings.

Methods: Data were obtained from (i) a round-robin assessment in which 12 raters (6 with prior experience and 6 without) assessed six muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis) and (ii) a multi-centre study with 6 centres studying the same muscles in 66 healthy volunteers.

Exercise, fitness and musculoskeletal health of undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: To describe the exercise, physical fitness and musculoskeletal health of nursing students.

Background: Nursing students are prone to musculoskeletal disorders restricting work ability. Physical fitness and leisure-time exercise may affect responses to workplace exposures and risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

The use of biofeedback for gait retraining: A mapping review.

Background: Biofeedback seems to be a promising tool to improve gait outcomes for both healthy individuals and patient groups. However, due to differences in study designs and outcome measurements, it remains uncertain how different forms of feedback affect gait outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review primary biomechanical literature which has used biofeedback to alter gait-related outcomes in human participants.

Influence of growth media components on the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Bacillus subtilis in a liquid growth medium.

Numerous studies have investigated the antibacterial effect of both silver ions and silver nanomaterials on a large diversity of environmentally and clinically relevant bacteria. However, contradictory results are reported in which inhibition concentrations were varying by a 10-fold. This study investigated whether this variance in results could be attributed to the difference in experimental conditions, especially the microbial growth medium.

Processing of mycotoxin contaminated waste streams through anaerobic digestion.

Food and feed stocks heavily contaminated with mycotoxins are rendered unfit for consumption and therefore discarded as waste. Due to the lack of guidelines and in accordance with the prudent avoidance principle, these waste streams are often incinerated. For better valorization, these streams could be used as input for anaerobic digestion.

Kinetic exploration of intracellular nitrate storage in marine microalgae.

In this study, a recently developed model accounting for intracellular nitrate storage kinetics was thoroughly studied to understand and compare the storage capacity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Amphora coffeaeformis. In the first stage the identifiability of the biokinetic parameters was examined. Next, the kinetic model was calibrated for both microalgal species based on experimental observations during batch growth experiments.

Microbial Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol (DON), Assessed via a Lemna minor L. Bioassay, through Biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. To mitigate mycotoxins in food or feed, biotransformation is an emerging technology in which microorganisms degrade toxins into non-toxic metabolites. To monitor deoxynivalenol (DON) biotransformation, analytical tools such as ELISA and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are typically used.

Real-time feedback to improve gait in children with cerebral palsy.

Real-time feedback may be useful for enhancing information gained from clinical gait analysis of children with cerebral palsy (CP). It may also be effective in functional gait training, however, it is not known if children with CP can adapt gait in response to real-time feedback of kinematic parameters. Sixteen children with cerebral palsy (age 6-16; GMFCS I-III), walking with a flexed-knee gait pattern, walked on an instrumented treadmill with virtual reality in three conditions: regular walking without feedback (NF), feedback on hip angle (FH) and feedback on knee angle (FK).

The impact of adding assistants in nursing to acute care hospital ward nurse staffing on adverse patient outcomes: An analysis of administrative health data.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of adding assistants in nursing to acute care hospital ward nurse staffing on adverse patient outcomes using administrative health data.

Design: Logistic regression modelling was used with linked administrative health data to examine the association between seven adverse patient outcomes and use of assistants in nursing utilising a pre-test/post-test design. Outcomes included were in-hospital 30-day mortality, failure to rescue, urinary tract infection, pressure injury, pneumonia, sepsis and falls with injury.