Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning?

Global food production is challenged by plant pathogens that cause significant crop losses. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses have long threatened sustainable and profitable agriculture. The danger is even higher in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops, such as garlic.

Garlic Potyviruses Are Translocated to the True Seeds through the Vegetative and Reproductive Systems of the Mother Plant.

Garlic lost its ability to produce true seeds millennia ago, and today non-fertile commercial cultivars are propagated only vegetatively. Garlic viruses are commonly carried over from one generation of vegetative propagules to the other, while nematodes and arthropods further transmit the pathogens from infected to healthy plants. A recent breakthrough in the production of true (botanical) garlic seeds resulted in rapid scientific progress, but the question of whether viruses are transmitted via seeds remains open and is important for the further development of commercial seed production.

ToBRFV Infects the Reproductive Tissues of Tomato Plants but Is Not Transmitted to the Progenies by Pollination.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a newly identified has recently emerged as a significant pathogen of tomato plants (). The virus can evade or overcome the known tobamovirus resistance in tomatoes, i.e.

Radiofrequency therapy improves exercise capacity of mice with emphysema.

Emphysema is a common phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although resection of emphysematous tissue can improve lung mechanics, it is invasive and fraught with adverse effects. Meanwhile, radiofrequency (RF) treatment is an extracorporeal method that leads to tissue destruction and remodeling, resulting in "volume reduction" and overall improvement in lung compliance of emphysematous lungs.

Identification and Mapping of Tomato Genome Loci Controlling Tolerance and Resistance to .

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) was identified in Israel during October 2014 in tomato plants (). These plants, carrying the durable resistance gene against tomato mosaic virus, , displayed severe disease symptoms and losses to fruit yield and quality. These plants were found infected with a tobamovirus similar to that discovered earlier in Jordan.

A pilot, prospective, randomized trial of video versus direct laryngoscopy for paramedic endotracheal intubation.

Background: Prehospital intubation poses several unique challenges. Video assisted laryngoscopy has been shown to help increase intubation success in the hospital setting; however, little prospective data have examined video assisted laryngoscopy in traditional ground ambulance agencies.

Methods: We performed a randomized, cross-over, non-blinded trial in ground ambulances comparing first attempt success and overall intubation success between video assisted laryngoscopy using the King Video Laryngoscope (KVL) and direct laryngoscopy (DL).

A Novel Route Controlling Begomovirus Resistance by the Messenger RNA Surveillance Factor Pelota.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a devastating disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that can be effectively controlled by the deployment of resistant cultivars. The TYLCV-resistant line TY172 carries a major recessive locus for TYLCV resistance, designated ty-5, on chromosome 4. In this study, the association between 27 polymorphic DNA markers, spanning the ty-5 locus, and the resistance characteristics of individual plants inoculated with TYLCV in 51 segregating recombinant populations were analyzed.

Frequent migration of introduced cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses among Middle Eastern countries.

Background: In the early 2000s, two cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses were introduced into the eastern Mediterranean basin: the Old World Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and the New World Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV). These viruses have been emerging in parallel over the last decade in Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine.

Methods: We explored this unique situation by assessing the diversity and biogeography of the DNA-A component of SLCV and WmCSV in these five countries.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia and nutritional deficiency-induced anemia in children.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare, inherited disease that characteristically presents as a chronic, normochromic macrocytosis due to red cell lineage bone marrow failure. Although studies are elaborating on the genetic basis for its associated comorbidities, little has been published comparing this anemia to other chronic anemias that have similar laboratory results in children. This article offers a global perspective of the disease and compares it with anemia due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in children.

Oxalosis and chronic renal failure after intestinal bypass.

A 45-year-old man underwent a jejunoileal shunt procedure for obesity. Twenty months later he developed severe oxalosis and chronic renal failure, which required maintenance hemodialysis. The sequential observation of two biopsy specimens and the necropsy (over a span of 39 months) suggests that oxalate deposition caused tubular obstruction and destruction with subsequent atrophy of nephrons.

Effect of diuretics on intestinal transport of electrolytes, glucose, and amino acid.

The jejunal mucosal membrane of albino mice was used to study the electrical properties and ion transport. The membrane was bathed in Krebs-Ringer solution with or without glucose. When ethacrynic acid (EA), furosemide, or amiloride was added to the bathing fluid of both sides, a transient increase followed by a decrease of both potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (Isc) were observed.