The HPV101 E7 protein shares host cellular targets and biological activities with high-risk HPV16 E7.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a diverse family of viruses with over 450 members that have been identified and fully sequenced. They are classified into five phylogenetic genera: alpha, beta, gamma, mu, and nu. The high-risk alpha HPVs, such as HPV16, have been studied the most extensively due to their medical significance as cancer-causing agents.

Human papillomaviruses: Knowns, mysteries, and unchartered territories.

There has been an explosion in the number of papillomaviruses that have been identified and fully sequenced. Yet only a minute fraction of these has been studied in any detail. Most of our molecular research efforts have focused on the E6 and E7 proteins of "high-risk," cancer-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs).

Clinical Significance of Shortened Penile Length and Alterations in Penile Length Following Treatment for Peyronie's Disease.

Introduction: Across many cultures, penis size has been associated with virility, and concerns about penile length are commonplace. Peyronie's disease (PD) is a known acquired cause of penile shortening.

Objectives: This paper describes the psychosocial impacts of penile length on men and their partners, both generally and in men with PD, and evaluates the effect of PD treatments (eg, collagenase clostridium histolyticum , surgery, mechanical therapy) on this outcome measure.

A genome-scale CRISPR screen reveals PRMT1 as a critical regulator of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the central driver of prostate cancer across disease states. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective in the initial treatment of prostate cancer, resistance to ADT or to next-generation androgen pathway inhibitors invariably arises, most commonly through the re-activation of the AR axis. Thus, orthogonal approaches to inhibit AR signaling in advanced prostate cancer are essential.

Development of a semi-automated method for tumour budding assessment in colorectal cancer and comparison with manual methods.

Aims: Tumour budding (TB) is an established prognostic feature in multiple cancers but is not routinely assessed in pathology practice. Efforts to standardise and automate assessment have shifted from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images towards cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. The aim of this study was to compare manual H&E and cytokeratin assessment methods with a semi-automated approach built within QuPath open-source software.

Fibroproliferative disorders and diabetes: Understanding the pathophysiologic relationship between Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren disease and diabetes.

Introduction: Fibrosis is characterized by dysregulation and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Peyronie's disease and Dupuytren disease are fibroproliferative disorders of the tunica albuginea of the penis and fascia of the hand, respectively. Chronic hyperglycaemia due to diabetes mellitus can also lead to tissue injury and fibrosis.

Genetic Ancestry Contributes to Somatic Mutations in Lung Cancers from Admixed Latin American Populations.

Inherited lung cancer risk, particularly in nonsmokers, is poorly understood. Genomic and ancestry analysis of 1,153 lung cancers from Latin America revealed striking associations between Native American ancestry and their somatic landscape, including tumor mutational burden, and specific driver mutations in , and . A local Native American ancestry risk score was more strongly correlated with mutation frequency compared with global ancestry correlation, suggesting that germline genetics (rather than environmental exposure) underlie these disparities.

Human Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Subcutaneous Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum in Women.

Background: Clostridium collagenase histolyticum (CCH) is being evaluated in women as a cellulite treatment.

Objective: To report preclinical safety and human pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety data for CCH.

Methods: Across 3 PK studies, 41 women received 12 subcutaneous injections per thigh/buttock in 1 session (up to 3.

Long-term Curvature Deformity Characterization in Men Previously Treated With Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum for Peyronie's Disease, Subgrouped by Penile Plaque Calcification.

Objective: To examine the long-term (5-year) efficacy and safety of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) therapy in men with Peyronie's disease and varying degrees of plaque calcification.

Materials And Methods: CCH-treated adult men from the 12-month Investigation for Maximal Peyronie's Reduction Efficacy and Safety Studies I/II or 9-month open-label studies were eligible. Degree of plaque calcification (no calcification, noncontiguous stippled calcification, or calcification that did not interfere with CCH injection) was determined by penile x-ray or ultrasound.

Safety and Efficacy of Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the Treatment of Acute Phase Peyronie's Disease: A Multi-institutional Analysis.

Objective: To study, in a multi-institutional setting, the efficacy/safety outcomes in acute phase Peyronie's disease (PD) of multiple high-volume centers employing CCH to treat PD, which is defined as the abnormal formation of fibrous plaque(s) in the tunica albuginea of the penis. It is a chronic condition that afflicts 3%-13% of the US male population. There is no current multi-institutional research on the efficacy and safety of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) in the treatment of acute phase PD.

Long-Term Safety and Curvature Deformity Characterization in Patients Previously Treated with Collagenase clostridium Histolyticum for Peyronie's Disease.

Purpose: We assessed the long-term safety and immunogenicity profile of collagenase clostridium histolyticum and characterized penile curvature deformity over time in patients previously treated for Peyronie's disease.

Materials And Methods: This phase 4 study included men who received collagenase clostridium histolyticum in either 12-month, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials (IMPRESS I/II), or one of two 9-month open label studies. Eligible patients received no additional collagenase clostridium histolyticum treatment and were followed once yearly for up to 5 years to assess Peyronie's disease clinical symptoms, patient reported outcomes and safety.

Pooled Genomic Screens Identify Anti-apoptotic Genes as Targetable Mediators of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is often sensitive to initial treatment with platinum and taxane combination chemotherapy, but most patients relapse with chemotherapy-resistant disease. To systematically identify genes modulating chemotherapy response, we performed pooled functional genomic screens in HGSOC cell lines treated with cisplatin, paclitaxel, or cisplatin plus paclitaxel. Genes in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis were among the top candidate resistance genes in both gain-of-function and loss-of-function screens.

Sixty years in the making: collagenase Clostridium histolyticum, from benchtop to FDA approval and beyond.

Purpose: The introduction of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) as the first and only FDA-approved non-surgical treatment for Peyronie's disease (PD) has been an important step in its management. Our aim is to provide an overview of the historical origins of CCH and its development through FDA approval and beyond for the treatment of PD.

Methods: A PubMed search using the terms Peyronie OR Peyronie's AND collagenase and limited to clinical research studies resulted in 24 articles that were examined for the current review.

Intralesional Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum Causes Meaningful Improvement in Men with Peyronie's Disease: Results of a Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Purpose: In a multi-institutional setting we studied the efficacy and safety outcomes at multiple high volume centers where collagenase Clostridium histolyticum is used to treat Peyronie's disease.

Materials And Methods: We collected retrospective data on consecutive patients with Peyronie's disease who underwent treatment with collagenase C. histolyticum between April 2014 and March 2018 at a total of 5 institutions.

Identification and Characterization of Oncogenic Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinomas are characterized by mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/Raf pathway, with up to 75% of cases containing mutations in known driver genes. However, the driver alterations in the remaining cases are yet to be determined. Recent exome sequencing analysis has identified , encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as significantly mutated in lung adenocarcinomas lacking canonical oncogenic RTK/Ras/Raf pathway mutations.

Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease: The Development of This Novel Pharmacologic Approach.

Introduction: The conception of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) as treatment for Peyronie's disease (PD) was a vital first step in providing a nonsurgical, minimally invasive FDA-approved treatment for men with PD.

Aim: To review the origins, clinical research history, and ultimately FDA approval of collagenase as PD treatment.

Methods: A PubMed search using (Peyronie's or Peyronie) AND collagenase, and limited to clinical research studies, returned nine papers that were examined in the current review.

Clinical safety and effectiveness of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection in patients with Peyronie's disease: a phase 3 open-label study.

Introduction: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH; Xiaflex, Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chesterbrook, PA, USA) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved, intralesional treatment for Peyronie's disease (PD).

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of CCH in the treatment of PD.

Baseline characteristics from an ongoing phase 3 study of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in patients with Peyronie's disease.

Introduction: Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized penile collagen disorder of the tunica albuginea associated with significant physical deformity and psychological impairment. Current understanding of pretreatment characteristics in patients with chronic PD is limited by small samples, varied quality of assessments, and the lack of a PD-specific, validated measure of the psychosexual impact of PD.

Aims: Reporting baseline demographic and disease characteristics of the large multinational cohort of subjects with chronic PD who participated in the collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH, an investigational intralesional injection and minimally invasive intervention) phase 3 clinical study program.

Clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of collagenase clostridium histolyticum for the treatment of peyronie disease in 2 large double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled phase 3 studies.

Purpose: IMPRESS (Investigation for Maximal Peyronie's Reduction Efficacy and Safety Studies) I and II examined the clinical efficacy and safety of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum intralesional injections in subjects with Peyronie disease. Co-primary outcomes in these identical phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies included the percent change in the penile curvature abnormality and the change in the Peyronie disease questionnaire symptom bother score from baseline to 52 weeks.

Materials And Methods: IMPRESS I and II examined collagenase C.

Phase 2b study of the clinical efficacy and safety of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in patients with Peyronie disease.

Purpose: Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum is an investigational nonsurgical treatment for Peyronie disease. In this phase 2b, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study we determined the safety and efficacy of collagenase C. histolyticum and assessed a patient reported outcome questionnaire.

Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis with associated hepatic abscess.

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess is known to be associated with metastatic endophthalmitis, with most cases clustered in Taiwan. We report a case of Klebsiella liver abscess with metastatic endophthalmitis in a nondiabetic Haitian man without underlying medical problems.