Publications by authors named "Gelareh Farshid"

Article Synopsis
  • PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome mainly caused by PTEN gene variants, significantly increasing breast cancer risk for female carriers (up to 80%).
  • A study tracked breast biopsies of 14 females with these gene variants over 28 years, finding high rates of breast cancer diagnoses (85.7%) with an average initial diagnosis age of 41.6.
  • The research highlights that breast cancer in PHTS does not have distinctive features, emphasizing the need for healthcare professionals to familiarize themselves with these cases for better early recognition and management.
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Article Synopsis
  • PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is a rare genetic condition linked to mutations in the PTEN gene, causing increased cancer risks and benign lesions across various organs.
  • A study conducted over 28 years examined the biopsy histories of 12 women with PTEN mutations, revealing that most presented with benign mucocutaneous lesions and significant breast cancer development, with only one having a known family history of Cowden syndrome.
  • The findings suggest that analyzing past biopsies can help identify underlying cancer susceptibility syndromes like PHTS, leading to better clinical and genetic counseling for affected individuals.
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Article Synopsis
  • - *Myxoma is a rare tumor that can be hard to diagnose due to nonspecific imaging results; this summary describes a case involving a 21-year-old male with vision problems and eye protrusion.* - *Imaging revealed a significant orbital mass measuring 43 × 31 × 24 mm, which caused damage to nearby structures in the orbital area.* - *An excisional biopsy was conducted using a specific surgical approach, and the article also discusses the clinical and genetic connections of myxoma, particularly its links to syndromes like Carney complex and Mazabraud syndrome.*
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The DESTINY Breast-04 trial revealed survival advantages of trastuzumab deruxtecan for women with metastatic HER2-low breast cancer (1+ or 2+ immunohistochemistry [IHC], without amplification). Although this trial applied the 2018 Americal Society of Clinial Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) HER2 IHC scoring criteria, the subjectivity and imprecision in IHC scoring have raised concerns that patients' treatment may be misaligned. Our group of 9 experienced breast pathologists collated a deidentified set of 60 breast cancer core biopsies from 3 laboratories, evaluated with the Ventana 4B5 HER2 assay and mostly scored locally as HER2 0 or 1+.

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Breast cancer represents a collection of pathologies with different molecular subtypes, histopathology, risk factors, clinical behavior, and responses to treatment. "Basal-like" breast cancers predominantly lack the receptors for estrogen and progesterone (ER/PR), lack amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but account for 10-15% of all breast cancers, are largely insensitive to targeted treatment and represent a disproportionate number of metastatic cases and deaths. Analysis of interleukin (IL)-3 and the IL-3 receptor subunits () reveals elevated expression in predominantly the basal-like group.

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While women pathologists have made up over one-third of pathologists in the Australian workforce for over 15 years and at least 50% since 2019, they are under-represented in senior leadership roles, scientific publications, grant recipients, editorial boards, key presentations, and professional awards. This is not unique to pathology and is seen in the broader medical and academic community. Barriers to gender equity and equality in pathology, medicine and academia include gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination, structural and organisational barriers as well as broader social and cultural barriers.

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Background: Sentinel node-based management (SNBM) is the international standard of care for early breast cancer that is clinically node-negative based on randomised trials comparing it with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and reporting similar rates of axillary recurrence (AR) without distant disease. We report all ARs, overall survival, and breast cancer-specific survival at 10-years in SNAC1.

Methods: 1.

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The discovery of almost invariable mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) amplification among atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma is incorporated into the contemporary diagnostic workup of fatty lesions. MDM2 amplifications are also found frequently in intimal sarcomas and in low-grade osteogenic sarcoma. At present, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the reference test for MDM2 assessment.

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Context.—: The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), supported by major pathology and cancer organizations, aims at the standardization of evidence-based pathology reporting of different types of cancers, with the inclusion of all parameters deemed to be relevant for best patient care and future data collection. Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer.

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Melanoma is an important cause of skin cancer related death throughout the world, particularly in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Rarely melanoma undergoes divergent differentiation to simulate the full morphologic and immunohistochemical features of other malignancies, notably sarcoma. However, such cases retain the molecular signatures of melanoma, including gene mutations.

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Objective: To examine the screening-treatment-mortality pathway among women with invasive breast cancer in 2006-2014 using linked data.

Methods: BreastScreen histories of South Australian women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 8453) were investigated. Treatments recorded within 12 months from diagnosis were obtained from linked registry and administrative data.

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Objective: We investigated treatment and survival by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics for service evaluation using linked data.

Method: Data on invasive female breast cancers (n = 13,494) from the South Australian Cancer Registry (2000-2014 diagnoses) were linked to hospital inpatient, radiotherapy and universal health insurance data. Treatments ≤12 months from diagnosis and survival were analysed, using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) from logistic regression, and adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) from competing risk regression.

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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the interobserver concordance of two methods for proliferation assessment in breast cancer using Ki67 immunohistochemistry.

Methods: Ki67 was independently assessed in randomly selected tumour samples from patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer using two different methods: either cell counting or visual estimation of hot spot areas. For hot spot cell counting, positive and negative cell numbers were recorded for total cell counts of 300-500, 500-800 and 800-1000 cells.

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Objective: Using linked cancer registry and administrative data to monitor, tumour, node and metastases (TNM) stage and survival from female breast cancer in Australia.

Method: Analysis of 2000-2014 diagnoses with linked population-based data to investigate: (1) sociodemographic predictors of advanced stage (stages III and IV), using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression; and (2) sociodemographic factors and stage as predictors of breast cancer survival using competing risk regression.

Design: Population-based registry cohort.

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The 2018 iteration of the ASCO-CAP HER2 testing guidelines proposes significant changes with an emphasis on the integration of concurrent immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). We wished to evaluate the impact of these changes on clinical practice. Between Jan 2012 to Feb 2017, 2132 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas were evaluated with IHC and ISH for HER2.

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Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare, often fatal tumors, but little is known of the epidemiology and survival in the Australian population. This study aims to provide the first epidemiological analysis of incidence and survival rates of STS in the Australian population.

Methods: A retrospective population-based observational study was conducted between 1982 and 2009 of all patients with a diagnosis of STS using the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) Australian Cancer Database.

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Background: Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have poorer survival and twice the disease burden from breast cancer compared to other Australian women. These disparities are influenced, but not fully explained, by more diagnoses at later stages. Incorporating breast screening, hospital and out of hospital treatment and cancer registry records into a person-linked data system can improve our understanding of breast cancer outcomes.

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The latest update to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) HER2 testing in breast cancer guidelines was published in 2018. A multidisciplinary expert committee, convened under the auspices of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) Structured Pathology Reporting framework, evaluated the implications of these guidelines for clinical practice in Australia. Following feedback from professional bodies, including the RCPA and CanSAC, peer review was invited.

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Background: Since concurrent malignancy may be associated with radial scars (RS) in up to 45% of RS diagnosed on core biopsy, surgical excision is usually advised. Recent very low upgrade rates have caused a re-evaluation of the need for routine surgery. We aimed to find subsets of RS at such low risk of upgrade, as to render imaging surveillance a plausible alternative to surgery.

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The interplay between inflammation and cancer is the subject of intense interest. The recent approval of a number of checkpoint inhibitors has opened novel therapeutic pathways for several cancers. Conversely, biologic suppressors of inflammation, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) inhibitors, have been utilized over the past two decades for the management of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.

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Background: Detection of breast cancers by mammographic screening confers a survival advantage of 20-50% compared to symptomatic presentations. The improved prognosis is only partly explained by stage migration. The distribution of the molecular subtypes of screen-detected breast cancer (SDBC) or their HER2 status has not been studied extensively.

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Background: Sentinel lymph-node biopsy has reduced the need for extensive axillary surgery for staging. It still exposes women to associated morbidity. Risk models that use clinical and pathology information of the primary tumour to predict sentinel lymph-node metastasis may allow further improvements in care.

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