[Plastic repair of the anterior abdominal wall in bladder exstrophy].

In 1987-1993 surgical treatment for exstrophy of the bladder was performed in 35 children at the age 8 months--3 years. All the patients underwent one-stage transplantation of the ureters into the semi-isolated segment of the sigmoid colon with antireflux protection of the ostia, bladder extirpation and repair of the anterior abdominal wall. The most difficult stage of the intervention is repair of the abdominal wall defect after removal of the large bladder.

[Guided transcutaneous puncture biopsy of the kidneys under ultrasound control in children with nephrourological diseases].

The results of 836 transcutaneous puncture renal biopsies in 277 children under 15 years of age demonstrate that the informative value of renal biopsies has risen from 91.6 to 95%, while the number of complications reduced from 26 to 4.9% due to modification of the biopsy techniques and ultrasound control.

[The classification of the urological diseases of newborn and nursing infants].

In the attempt to classify most common urological diseases in neonates the authors have summarized more than 700 cases. The examinees' age ranged from a few hours to four months. The diagnosis was made antenatally or early in postnatal life according to the leading symptoms of abdominal, uropoietic, urination and urine quality defects.

[Endourethral correction of valvular obstruction in children].

Endourethral dissection of valvular cusps was carried out by means of an urethrotome in 34 boys with Type I and III valves of the posterior urethra. The indications for and the techniques of the dissection on depending on the type of the valve are discussed and measures for preventing complications are suggested. Endoscopic, radiological, and urodynamic methods of examination of the lower urinary tract determined the therapeutic tactics and help in evaluation of the efficacy of the operative treatment.

[Urinary diversion in infants].

The article generalizes the experience in the treatment of over 500 children, aged from hours to 5 months, with various developmental anomalies of the urinary system. Different variants for draining off the urine were applied in 142 patients. Urethral, vesical, and supravesical methods are characterized.

[Prolapse of the urethral mucosa in girls].

In the recent 9 years 39 girls aged from 2 to 10 years were treated at the clinic for prolapse of the urethral mucosa. Among them 24 had circular and 15 had segmental prolapse. The disease was encountered most frequently between 6 and 10 years of age, predominantly in the summer.

[Diagnostic stages and special study methods in surgical diseases of children].

The surgery in children should take into consideration 6 steps of diagnosing: initial, exact, subnarcotic, intraoperative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative steps when the growth of the child's organs and systems enable the final diagnosis to be established. Close attention to physically revealed symptoms of the disease may restrict the application of special methods and shows the skill of the physician.