Reality Cheque: Different Methods of Eliciting Fear-Related Beliefs Reveal Multiple Representations of Threat.

Influential models of fears and phobias suggest that irrational threat beliefs underpin excessive fear. Yet, many fearful individuals recognize their fear is not justified. Drawing on memory competition/multiple representations theory, we developed a novel, fear-relevant procedure, which reveals conflicting representations of threat.

Reflexivity and positionality applied to medical practice: a study on implicit gender bias with medical students in a Swiss university.

Background: An array of evidence shows how the presence of implicit bias in clinical encounters can negatively impact provider-patient communication, quality of care and ultimately contribute to health inequities. Reflexive practice has been explored as an approach to identify and address implicit bias in healthcare providers, including medical students. At the Lausanne School of Medicine, a clinically integrated module was introduced in 2019 to raise students' awareness of gender bias in medical practice using a reflexivity and positionality approach.

[Gender bias in clinical management : what can we do ?].

Health data show that there are differences in clinical management based on gender. One hypothesis is that these differences in management are not intentional discrimination but are the result of implicit and unconscious biases on the part of healthcare providers. These biases influence the clinical reasoning and practice of providers.

Longstanding Auditory Sensory and Semantic Differences in Preterm Born Children.

More than 10% of births are preterm, and the long-term consequences on sensory and semantic processing of non-linguistic information remain poorly understood. 17 very preterm-born children (born at < 33 weeks gestational age) and 15 full-term controls were tested at 10 years old with an auditory object recognition task, while 64-channel auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded. Sounds consisted of living (animal and human vocalizations) and manmade objects (e.

Original descriptions of Palaearctic species of the genus C. G. Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae) and their translations.

Many original descriptions of beetles were published in Latin with specific idioms and technical terms, which are sometimes difficult to understand. The exact meaning of these descriptions is necessary for taxonomic and systematic research. Of the ten Palaearctic species regarded as valid three were described in English, the remaining seven in Latin, French, or German: Weise, 1898, (Scopoli, 1772), (Schrank, 1781), Weise, 1912, (Kunze, 1818), (Linnaeus, 1758), and (Duvivier, 1885).

Revision of the Palaearctic species of the genus C. G. Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae).

Ten of the 27 species of Thomson (Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae) occur in the Palaearctic. Due to the intraspecific variation and the large distributions of some species, descriptions exist for at least 80 taxa plus five nomina nuda. The status of each valid species is clarified and the remaining 70 names are allocated as synonyms.

Reflexivity as a tool for medical students to identify and address gender bias in clinical practice: A qualitative study.

Objectives: Gender bias interferes with medical care for both men and women, leading to health inequalities. Reflexivity is used in medical education to improve health provision. This study aims to understand if a reflective approach integrated in medical practice enables raising awareness of gender bias during medical school teaching.

Nutrients for executive function development and related brain connectivity in school-aged children.

Executive functions refer to a set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in the control and organization of information to serve goal-directed behaviors. Skills in executive functioning are developed throughout childhood and adolescence and have been shown to be predictive of academic achievement. The coordination of these complex processes is critically dependent on brain maturation and connectivity, including key neurodevelopmental processes like myelination and synaptogenesis.

[Reflexivity during medical internships : how to think about gender in clinical practice].

Gender bias in medicine negatively interfere with the medical care of both men and women, which can lead to risks for patients as well as health inequalities. Unisanté has launched a pilot project to integrate reflexivity by students at the Medical School of the University of Lausanne on the influence of gender in clinical practice, using an electronic portfolio. The clinical vignettes presented and discussed in this article illustrate this reflective work and the main biases and stereotypes encountered: pain management, assessment of the psychosocial context, management of domestic violence, screening for chlamydia infection and discussion of a contraceptive method.

Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies.

The mammalian brain has high energy demands, which may become higher in response to environmental challenges such as psychogenic stress exposure. Therefore, efficient neutralization of reactive oxygen species that are produced as a by-product of ATP synthesis is crucial for preventing oxidative damage and ensuring normal energy supply and brain function. Glutathione (GSH) is arguably the most important endogenous antioxidant in the brain.

To be or not to be a synonym - revision of the - complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae).

The East Palaearctic species Jacobson, 1906 and Goecke, 1944 have been confused for decades. Finally, was synonymized with by Askevold (1990) but he could not examine the type series of because it was stored in an inaccessible collection. Cong and Yu (1997) re-established as a distinct species, also without direct access to the type series.

The interplay between transport and metabolism in fungal itaconic acid production.

Besides enzymatic conversions, many eukaryotic metabolic pathways also involve transport proteins that shuttle molecules between subcellular compartments, or into the extracellular space. Fungal itaconate production involves two such transport steps, involving an itaconate transport protein (Itp), and a mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter (Mtt). The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus terreus and the unicellular basidiomycete Ustilago maydis both produce itaconate, but do so via very different molecular pathways, and under very different cultivation conditions.

A Combined Dietary and Cognitive Intervention in 3⁻5-Year-Old Children in Indonesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Early childhood nutritional interventions typically combine nutritional and psychosocial stimulation. Such combined interventions result in long-lasting improvements of cognitive abilities in children who are malnourished. Here, we investigated potential cognitive abilities in normally developing children in Indonesia who were, however, at risk for suboptimal cognitive development due to little psychosocial stimulation in their home environment.

Evolutionary freedom in the regulation of the conserved itaconate cluster by Ria1 in related Ustilaginaceae.

Background: Itaconate is getting growing biotechnological significance, due to its use as a platform compound for the production of bio-based polymers, chemicals, and novel fuels. Currently, is used for its industrial production. The Ustilaginaceae family of smut fungi, especially , has gained biotechnological interest, due to its ability to naturally produce this dicarboxylic acid.

Piano training enhances the neural processing of pitch and improves speech perception in Mandarin-speaking children.

Musical training confers advantages in speech-sound processing, which could play an important role in early childhood education. To understand the mechanisms of this effect, we used event-related potential and behavioral measures in a longitudinal design. Seventy-four Mandarin-speaking children aged 4-5 y old were pseudorandomly assigned to piano training, reading training, or a no-contact control group.

Encoding of Auditory Temporal Gestalt in the Human Brain.

The perception of an acoustic rhythm is invariant to the absolute temporal intervals constituting a sound sequence. It is unknown where in the brain temporal Gestalt, the percept emerging from the relative temporal proximity between acoustic events, is encoded. Two different relative temporal patterns, each induced by three experimental conditions with different absolute temporal patterns as sensory basis, were presented to participants.

Promoters from the itaconate cluster of are induced by nitrogen depletion.

Background: is known for its natural potential to produce a broad range of valuable chemicals, such as itaconate, from both industrial carbon waste streams and renewable biomass. Production of itaconate, and many other secondary metabolites, is induced by nitrogen limitation in . The clustered genes responsible for itaconate production have recently been identified, enabling the development of new expression tools that are compatible with biotechnological processes.

Metabolic engineering of TZ1 for improved malic acid production.

RK089 has been found recently as a good natural malic acid producer from glycerol. This strain has previously undergone adaptive laboratory evolution for enhanced substrate uptake rate resulting in the strain TZ1. Medium optimization and investigation of process parameters enabled titers and rates that are able to compete with those of organisms overexpressing major parts of the underlying metabolic pathways.

Treatment in early psychosis with N-acetyl-cysteine for 6months improves low-level auditory processing: Pilot study.

Sensory impairments constitute core dysfunctions in schizophrenia. In the auditory modality, impaired mismatch negativity (MMN) has been observed in chronic schizophrenia and may reflect N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) hypo-function, consistent with models of schizophrenia based on oxidative stress. Moreover, a recent study demonstrated deficits in the N100 component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) in early psychosis patients.

Efficient itaconic acid production from glycerol with TZ1.

Background: The family of Ustilaginaceae is known for their capability to naturally produce industrially valuable chemicals from different carbon sources. Recently, several Ustilaginaceae were reported to produce organic acids from glycerol, which is the main side stream in biodiesel production.

Results: In this study, we present   as new production organism for itaconate synthesis from glycerol.

Integrated process development of a reactive extraction concept for itaconic acid and application to a real fermentation broth.

Itaconic acid (IA) has a high potential to be used as a bio-based platform chemical and its biocatalytic production via fermentation has significantly improved within the last decade. Additionally downstream processing using reactive extraction (RE) was described, potentially enabling a more efficient sustainable bioprocess producing IA. The bottleneck to overcome is the connection of up- and downstream processing, caused by lack of biocompatibility of the RE systems and direct application to fermentation broth.

The coupling of low-level auditory dysfunction and oxidative stress in psychosis patients.

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia often present with low-level sensory deficits. It is an open question whether there is a functional link between these deficits and the pathophysiology of the disease, e.g.

Draft Genome Sequences of Itaconate-Producing Ustilaginaceae.

Some smut fungi of the family Ustilaginaceae produce itaconate from glucose. De novo genome sequencing of nine itaconate-producing Ustilaginaceae revealed genome sizes between 19 and 25 Mbp. Comparison to the itaconate cluster of U.

Genetic and biochemical insights into the itaconate pathway of Ustilago maydis enable enhanced production.

The Ustilaginaceae family of smut fungi, especially Ustilago maydis, gained biotechnological interest over the last years, amongst others due to its ability to naturally produce the versatile bio-based building block itaconate. Along with itaconate, U. maydis also produces 2-hydroxyparaconate.

Sensory Entrainment Mechanisms in Auditory Perception: Neural Synchronization Cortico-Striatal Activation.

The auditory system displays modulations in sensitivity that can align with the temporal structure of the acoustic environment. This sensory entrainment can facilitate sensory perception and is particularly relevant for audition. Systems neuroscience is slowly uncovering the neural mechanisms underlying the behaviorally observed sensory entrainment effects in the human sensory system.