Poor Activities of Daily Living Predict Future Weight Loss in Older Adults After Hospital Discharge-Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

This study examined whether participants with poor activities of daily living (ADLs) at hospital discharge had increased weight loss after 6 months of follow-up and whether nutrition therapy can prevent this weight loss. This dietary randomized controlled trial (N = 104) examined community-dwelling older adults (66-95 years) discharged from hospital and at risk for malnutrition, receiving either 6 months of nutrition therapy (intervention) or only standard care (control). ADL was assessed using seven questions on self-care based on the Katz et al.

Protein - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Proteins are needed for providing essential amino acids, nitrogen, and fuel for the body's needs in all age groups. Proteins are especially required during active growth in pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and tissue growth in general. An adequate protein intake is needed in old adults to avoid premature muscle loss.

HOMEFOOD Randomised Trial - Six-Month Nutrition Therapy in Discharged Older Adults Reduces Hospital Readmissions and Length of Stay at Hospital Up to 18 Months of Follow-Up.

Background: Malnutrition is frequently observed in older adults and is associated with hospital readmissions, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in discharged patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of six-month nutrition therapy on hospital readmissions, LOS, mortality and need for long-term care residence 1-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-discharge in older Icelandic adults.

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

HOMEFOOD randomized trial-beneficial effects of 6-month nutrition therapy on body weight and physical function in older adults at risk for malnutrition after hospital discharge.

Background/objectives: Malnutrition is common among older adults. Dietary intervention studies in older adults aiming to improve anthropometrics measures and physical function have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effects of nutrition therapy in combination with home delivered meals and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in community-dwelling older adults discharged from hospital.

[Oral health problems in nursing homes, revision of oral health care delivery is needed].

Introduction: Prevalence of oral health problems among nursing home residents is common, they suffer from oral diseases and need dental service. The aim of this study was to examine clinical oral health of Icelandic nursing home residents and their oral health quality of life.

Material And Methods: Total (N=82) residents in two nursing homes in Reykjavik gave their consent to be involved in this descriptive cross-sectional study.

HOMEFOOD randomised trial - Six-month nutrition therapy improves quality of life, self-rated health, cognitive function, and depression in older adults after hospital discharge.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is common among older adults and is related to quality of life, cognitive function, and depression. To what extent nutrition interventions can improve these outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition therapy on health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), self-rated health, cognitive function, and depression in community dwelling older adults recently discharged from hospital.

Cross-sectional study of oral health care service, oral health beliefs and oral health care education of caregivers in nursing homes.

Objectives: To assess oral care beliefs and oral hygiene procedures among nursing home personnel to identify strengths and weaknesses in managing oral care.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in two nursing homes using an oral health care questionnaire including the Nursing Dental Coping Belief Scale.

Results: A total of 109 health personnel participated.

A poor appetite or ability to eat and its association with physical function amongst community-dwelling older adults: age, gene/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study.

A poor appetite or ability to eat and its association with physical function have not been explored considerably amongst community-dwelling older adults. The current study examined whether having an illness or physical condition affecting one's appetite or ability to eat is associated with body composition, muscle strength, or physical function amongst community-dwelling older adults. This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the age, gene/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study ( = 5764).

Body weight changes and longitudinal associations with cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults.

Introduction: We aim to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in body weight (BW) and declines in cognitive function and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia among cognitively normal individuals 65 years or older.

Methods: Data from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik Study) including 2620 participants, were examined using multiple logistic regression models. Cognitive function included speed of processing (SP), executive function (EF), and memory function (MF).

The sarcopenia and physical frailty in older people: multi-component treatment strategies (SPRINTT) project: description and feasibility of a nutrition intervention in community-dwelling older Europeans.

Background: The "Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies" (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention.

Methods: SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries.

Lifestyle and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D among community-dwelling old adults with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognitive function.

Background: Several studies have indicated that older adults with cognitive impairment have a poorer lifestyle than their healthy peers including lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels (25OHD).

Aim: To investigate the associations between lifestyle and 25OHD depending on cognitive status among old adults.

Methods: Community-dwelling old adults (65-96 years) participated in this cross-sectional study based on the Age-Gene/Environment-Susceptibility-Reykjavik-Study.

The effect of cognitive function on mobility improvement among community-living older adults: A 12-week resistance exercise intervention study.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between baseline cognitive function and improvement in mobility after 12 weeks of resistance training (3 times/week; 3 sets, 6-8 repetitions at 75-80% of the 1-repetition maximum) among community-dwelling older adults in Iceland (N=205, 73.5±5.7 years, 57.

Effect of two different nutritional supplements on postprandial glucose response and energy- and protein intake in hospitalised patients with COPD: A randomised cross-over study.

Introduction: Oral nutrition support is frequently used in treatment of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considering the use of corticoidsteroids in patients with COPD, little is known about the effect on postprandial glucose response and if they might interfere with glucose control. Our aims were to compare the effect of a liquid oral nutritional supplement (ONS) and semi solid inbetween meal snack (snack) on postprandial glucose and energy- and protein intake, and to compare the effect of timing of each intervention on postprandial glucose and energy- and protein intake.

Associations between education and need for care among community dwelling older adults in Iceland.

Background: Older adults in Iceland have good access to social services that support them in maintaining an independent life, although receiving informal care is common for community living older adults in Iceland. The aim of this study was to examine whether the need for care as well as receiving formal and informal care is associated with education among older adults in Iceland.

Methods: Among a national sample of 782 Icelandic community dwelling old adults (mean age 76.

Obesity, Physical Function, and Training Success in Community-Dwelling Nonsarcopenic Old Adults.

Objectives: Obesity-related physiological changes can limit improvements of obese subjects after training. The aim was to investigate obesity, muscular strength, and physical function in community-dwelling nonsarcopenic old adults.

Methods: Nonsarcopenic subjects (=229, 73.

Oral nutrition supplements and between-meal snacks for nutrition therapy in patients with COPD identified as at nutritional risk: a randomised feasibility trial.

Introduction: Intervention studies have mainly used oral nutritional supplements (ONS) for the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) identified as at nutritional risk. In this 12-month randomised feasibility trial, we assessed the (1) feasibility of the recruitment, retention and provision of two interventions: ONS and between-meal snacks (snacks) and (2) the potential impact of the provision of snacks and ONS on body weight and quality of life in patients with COPD.

Methods: Hospitalised patients with COPD, at nutritional risk, were randomised to ONS (n=19) or snacks (n=15) providing 600 kcal and 22 g protein a day in addition to regular daily diet.

Association of energy and protein intakes with length of stay, readmission and mortality in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Low energy and protein intakes have been associated with an increased risk of malnutrition in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to assess the energy and protein intakes of hospitalised COPD patients according to nutritional risk status and requirements, and the relative contribution from meals, snacks, drinks and oral nutritional supplements (ONS), and to examine whether either energy or protein intake predicts outcomes. Subjects were COPD patients (n 99) admitted to Landspitali University Hospital in 1 year (March 2015-March 2016).

Gender, Success, and Drop-Out during a Resistance Exercise Program in Community Dwelling Old Adults.

Background: Resistance exercise training can be effective against sarcopenia. We identified predictors of drop-out and compared physical outcomes between men and women after such training.

Methods: Subjects ( = 236, 73.

[Dietary intake of young Icelanders with psychotic disorders and weight development over an 8-12 months period].

Introduction: The prevalence of lifestyle related diseases is higher among people with psychotic disorders than the general population. The aim was to assess dietary intake of young people with psychotic disorders for the first time in Iceland.

Material And Methods: Subjects were young people (n=48, age 18-30y) with psychotic disorders.

Two components of the new ESPEN diagnostic criteria for malnutrition are independent predictors of lung function in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Introduction: Low fat free mass index (FFMI) is a component of the ESPEN diagnosis criteria of malnutrition, that only when accompanied with weight loss is considered to be a determinant of malnutrition. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) applying the ESPEN criteria, and to examine the ability of different components of the criteria to predict COPD severity, length of stay (LOS), hospital readmissions within 30 days and mortality.

Methods: Subjects were COPD patients (n = 121) admitted to Landspitali University Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016.

C-Reactive Protein and Resistance Exercise in Community Dwelling Old Adults.

Objectives: C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant, has been associated with atherosclerosis and has also been discussed as a target for intervention. The effects of resistance exercise on CRP are currently not clear. The present analysis investigated the response of CRP to resistance exercise in old adults.

Muscular strength and physical function in elderly adults 6-18 months after a 12-week resistance exercise program.

Aims: Benefits of resistance exercise in elderly people are well documented; however, sustaining these benefits can be difficult and adherence is often poor. Muscular strength and physical function usually decline after a supervised resistance exercise program (REP). We investigated these changes in older adults during an observational follow-up and whether leisure time physical activity (LTPA) or unsupervised resistance exercise (RE) limit these changes.

[Old people in the Emergency Department; Icelandic results from the InterRAI multinational ED study].

Introduction: Old people attend emergency departments (ED´s) in increasing numbers. Old people have age related changes in all organ systems and tend to have multiple chronic diseases, be on multiple medications and often have physical and cognitive functional impairments. Hence, they have complex health and social service needs.

Changes in body composition and use of blood cholesterol lowering drugs predict changes in blood lipids during 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in old adults.

Purpose: Aging is associated with an impairment of blood lipids. The present study investigated the response of blood lipids to resistance exercise in old adults. The particular aim was to investigate whether the response of blood lipids is associated with changes in body composition of blood lipid medication.