Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography.

This paper focuses on the retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS measurements by means of least-squares collocation. Collocation adjustment estimates parameters that relate delays and refractivity without relying on a grid. It contains functional and stochastic models that define the characteristics of the retrieved refractivity fields.

Proteasome associated function of UCH37 is evolutionarily conserved in Plasmodium parasites.

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 37 (UCH37 also known as UCHL5) is a conserved deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with dual roles in proteasomal degradation and chromatin remodeling in humans. Its Plasmodium falciparum ortholog, PfUCH37, is unusual in that it possesses both DUB and deneddylating activities. While PfUCH37 is enriched in proteasome preparations, its direct interaction and broader functions in Plasmodium remain unclear, particularly given the absence of the chromatin remodeling complex INO80 homologs.

An inhibitory segment within G-patch activators tunes Prp43-ATPase activity during ribosome assembly.

Mechanisms by which G-patch activators tune the processive multi-tasking ATP-dependent RNA helicase Prp43 (DHX15 in humans) to productively remodel diverse RNA:protein complexes remain elusive. Here, a comparative study between a herein and previously characterized activators, Tma23 and Pxr1, respectively, defines segments that organize Prp43 function during ribosome assembly. In addition to the activating G-patch, we discover an inhibitory segment within Tma23 and Pxr1, I-patch, that restrains Prp43 ATPase activity.

Biomarker and neuropsychological correlates of the N400 event-related potential in Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The current study sought to characterize the relationship of the N400 (N4) effect event-related potential to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and broader cognition in older adults on the late-life cognitive continuum.

Method: Participants who were cognitively intact (n = 43), or had amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 19), or mild AD (n = 12), completed a word-pair judgement task during concurrent EEG recording to elicit the N400. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and biomarker data (PET-imaged beta-amyloid (aβ) deposition, apolipoprotein-E ε4 (APOE4) allele status, hippocampal volumes) were collected as part of a larger study.

Integrity of the circadian clock determines regularity of high-frequency and diurnal LFP rhythms within and between brain areas.

Circadian clocks control most physiological processes of many species. We specifically wanted to investigate the influence of environmental and endogenous rhythms and their interplay on electrophysiological dynamics of neuronal populations. Therefore, we measured local field potential (LFP) time series in wild-type and Cryptochrome 1 and 2 deficient (Cry1/2) mice in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the nucleus accumbens under regular light conditions and constant darkness.

Towards multimodal visualization of esophageal motility: fusion of manometry, impedance, and videofluoroscopic image sequences.

Purpose: Dysphagia is the inability or difficulty to swallow normally. Standard procedures for diagnosing the exact disease are, among others, X-ray videofluoroscopy, manometry and impedance examinations, usually performed consecutively. In order to gain more insights, ongoing research is aiming to collect these different modalities at the same time, with the goal to present them in a joint visualization.

Fiber rich food suppressed airway inflammation, GATA3 + Th2 cells, and FcεRIα+ eosinophils in asthma.

Background: Allergic Asthma is a disease presenting various endotypes and no current therapies act curative but alleviate disease symptoms. Dietary interventions are gaining increasing importance in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, short chain fatty acids (SFCA), as the main products of dietary fiber's fermentation by the gut bacteria, ameliorate the pathogenesis and disease burden of different illnesses including asthma.

An orientation to the US National Cancer plan for the research community.

The US National Cancer Act of 1971 designated the director of the National Cancer Institute as responsible for coordinating federal agencies and nonfederal organizations to make progress against cancer. As part of her role, the immediate past director of the National Cancer Institute (MMB) led the development of a National Cancer Plan that was formally released on April 3, 2023. The plan includes 8 aspirational goals "to achieve a society where every person with cancer lives a full and active life and to prevent most cancers so that few people need to face this diagnosis.

Associations between the resting EEG aperiodic slope and broad domains of cognitive ability.

Recent studies suggest that the EEG aperiodic exponent (often represented as a slope in log-log space) is sensitive to individual differences in momentary cognitive skills such as selective attention and information processing speed. However, findings are mixed, and most of the studies have focused on just a narrow range of cognitive domains. This study used an archival dataset to help clarify associations between resting aperiodic features and broad domains of cognitive ability, which vary in their demands on momentary processing.

HLH and TET2 Mutation Presenting after First Cycle of CLL Treatment.

Here we report development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), along with unmasking of a TET2-mutated myeloid neoplasm, after initial doses of bendamustine and rituximab for longstanding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). After many years of CLL showing minimally progressive lymphocytosis, the patient's white blood cell count began to decline in parallel with neutrophil count, hemoglobin, and platelet count. Bone marrow biopsy showed partial CLL involvement; bendamustine+rituximab therapy was augmented with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-CSF) and romiplostim to mitigate worsening pancytopenia, without response.

Establishing Meaningful Change Thresholds in Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Patients With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in ALTA-1L Trial.

Objectives: An earlier study from the ALTA-1L trial of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer demonstrated that brigatinib produces superior health-related quality of life (QoL) outcomes over crizotinib. This study aimed to derive meaningful change thresholds (MCTs) for European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13 to refine the earlier results.

Methods: Patients from the ALTA-1L trial were administered the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13 questionnaires.

A glimpse into the fungal metabolomic abyss: Novel network analysis reveals relationships between exogenous compounds and their outputs.

Fungal specialized metabolites are a major source of beneficial compounds that are routinely isolated, characterized, and manufactured as pharmaceuticals, agrochemical agents, and industrial chemicals. The production of these metabolites is encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters that are often silent under standard growth conditions. There are limited resources for characterizing the direct link between abiotic stimuli and metabolite production.

Towards Scalable Multi-View Reconstruction of Geometry and Materials.

In this paper, we propose a novel method for joint recovery of camera pose, object geometry and spatially-varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (svBRDF) of 3D scenes that exceed object-scale and hence cannot be captured with stationary light stages. The input are high-resolution RGB-D images captured by a mobile, hand-held capture system with point lights for active illumination. Compared to previous works that jointly estimate geometry and materials from a hand-held scanner, we formulate this problem using a single objective function that can be minimized using off-the-shelf gradient-based solvers.

Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimation.

We present a unified formulation and model for three motion and 3D perception tasks: optical flow, rectified stereo matching and unrectified stereo depth estimation from posed images. Unlike previous specialized architectures for each specific task, we formulate all three tasks as a unified dense correspondence matching problem, which can be solved with a single model by directly comparing feature similarities. Such a formulation calls for discriminative feature representations, which we achieve using a Transformer, in particular the cross-attention mechanism.

Protein abundance in the midgut of wild tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis palpalis) naturally infected by Trypanosoma congolense s.l.

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are major vectors of African trypanosomes, causing either Human or Animal African Trypanosomiasis (HAT or AAT). Several approaches have been developed to control the disease, among which is the anti-vector Sterile Insect Technique.

Qualitative Patient Interviews to Characterize the Human Burden of Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Following Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Treatment.

Introduction: Evidence of patients' experiences of living with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) are limited, particularly after hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HHI) treatment. We explored the burden of aBCC on symptoms and patients' everyday lives post HHI treatment.

Methods: In-depth, semi-structured, approximately 1-h qualitative interviews of US patients with aBCC and prior HHI treatment were conducted.

Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fields.

Neural fields have revolutionized the area of 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis of rigid scenes. A key challenge in making such methods applicable to articulated objects, such as the human body, is to model the deformation of 3D locations between the rest pose (a canonical space) and the deformed space. We propose a new articulation module for neural fields, Fast-SNARF, which finds accurate correspondences between canonical space and posed space via iterative root finding.

Impact of short-term discontinuation of ivermectin-based chemoprevention on onchocerciasis transmission in endemic settings with long history of mass drug administration.

Background: The control of onchocerciasis currently relies on annual distribution of single dose ivermectin. Because ivermectin has minimal effects on the adult parasite, mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns against onchocerciasis require at least 15 years of annual uninterrupted ivermectin distribution. Mathematical models have predicted that short-term disruption of MDA (as was seen during COVID-19) could impacted the microfilaridermia prevalence depending on the pre-control endemicity and the histories of treatment, requiring corrective measures (such as biannual MDA) to mitigate the effect on onchocerciasis elimination.

NeRFPlayer: A Streamable Dynamic Scene Representation with Decomposed Neural Radiance Fields.

Visually exploring in a real-world 4D spatiotemporal space freely in VR has been a long-term quest. The task is especially appealing when only a few or even single RGB cameras are used for capturing the dynamic scene. To this end, we present an efficient framework capable of fast reconstruction, compact modeling, and streamable rendering.