Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers -as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits- shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission.

Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers─as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits─shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission.

Drivers for low-acuity pediatric emergency department visits in two tertiary hospitals in Switzerland: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study.

Purpose: Low-acuity pediatric emergency department (PED) visits are frequent in high-income countries and have a negative impact on patient care at the individual and health system levels. Knowing what drives low-acuity PED visits is crucial to inform adaptations in health care delivery. We aimed to identify factors associated with low-acuity PED visits in Switzerland, including socioeconomic status, demographic features, and medical resources of families.

Using Clinical Vignettes to Understand the Complexity of Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Lack of awareness, access to insulin and diabetes care can result in high levels of morbidity and mortality for children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improvements in access to insulin and diabetes management have improved outcomes in some settings. However, many people still present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in parallel to misdiagnosis of children with T1DM in contexts with high rates of communicable diseases.

[Ten years of nurse consultation at the pediatric emergency department].

The Nurse consultation (CI) was implemented in 2013 at the emergency department of the Lausanne Children's Hospital. It offers medical delegated care for children aged three to 18. Ten years after its implementation, this article takes stock of its progress.

School-based HPV Vaccination: Variation in Inter-school Vaccine Uptake not Influenced by the Introduction of a New Information Brochure.

Background: Switzerland, with an adolescent HPV vaccination coverage at 59%, remains far from reaching the crucial swiss national goal of 80% coverage. Our objective was to implement a new information brochure in schools to increase HPV vaccination uptake.

Methods: We designed a public health quality project.

Off-label use of psychotropic drugs in a Swiss paediatric service: similar results from two different cohort studies.

Background: The high off-label use of drugs in paediatric patients raises questions on the efficacy and safety when prescribing psychotropic drugs. In our studies, we aimed to characterise the use of psychotropic drugs in the paediatric service of a tertiary hospital and quantify the proportion of off-label prescriptions with respect to age, indication and dosage recommendations approved in Switzerland, France and the USA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (RCS) that included hospitalised patients from 1 December 2017, to 28 June 2018 with at least one PD prescription (n = 74) and a prospective cohort study (PCS) that included those hospitalised from 29 June 2018, to 30 November 2018 with at least one psychotropic drug prescription (n = 37).

Characteristics of low-acuity paediatric emergency department consultations in two tertiary hospitals in Switzerland: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Low-acuity paediatric emergency department (PED) visits are common in high-income countries and are an increasing burden for the healthcare system and quality of care. Little is known about low-acuity PED visits in Switzerland. This study shows frequency and characteristics of such visits in two large PEDs in German-speaking and French-speaking regions of Switzerland.

Medical Facilities for Refugees in Europe: Creating a Consultation for Resettled Syrian Families.

The wave of migration that has hit Europe in recent years has led to several changes in the organization of asylum systems and medical care provided to migrants. Previous studies indicate that asylum seekers and refugees face multiple barriers in accessing health care. For that reason, adapted structures are needed.

Performance of RT-PCR on Saliva Specimens Compared With Nasopharyngeal Swabs for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Children: A Prospective Comparative Clinical Trial.

Background: Saliva reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an attractive alternative for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in adults with less known in children.

Methods: Children with coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms were prospectively enrolled in a 1-month comparative clinical trial of saliva and nasopharyngeal (NP) RT-PCR. Detection rates and sensitivities of saliva and NP RT-PCR were compared as well as discordant NP and saliva RT-PCR findings including viral loads (VLs).

A hidden side of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition.

The COVID-19 pandemic has deteriorated key determinants of health and caused major upheavals around the world. Children, although less directly affected by the virus, are paying a heavy price through the indirect effects of the crisis, including poor diet, mental health impact, social isolation, addiction to screens and lack of schooling and health care, particularly among vulnerable groups. This paper is aimed at discussing the potential impact of this pandemic on children's nutrition and lifestyle.

Prevalence and risk factors of lactic acidosis in children with acute moderate and severe asthma, a prospective observational study.

Lactic acidosis is a common complication of status asthmaticus in adults. However, data is sparse in children. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lactic acidosis in children hospitalised for acute moderate or severe asthma.

Risk factors for urinary tract infections in children aged 0-36months presenting with fever without source and evaluated for risk of serious bacterial infections.

Background: Children younger than 36 months with fever without a source (FWS) are at risk of serious bacterial infections (SBI). The risk of occult bacteremia (OB) has been greatly reduced in vaccinated children. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of SBI in children with FWS in our setting and to evaluate the performance of our management algorithm.

Prevalence of tuberculosis in migrant children in Switzerland and relevance of current screening guidelines.

Aims: Since 2016, Swiss guidelines recommend screening of all migrant children <5 years of age for tuberculosis (TB) and to screen older children only if they have risk factors for TB. Our goals were to describe the epidemiology of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) in migrant children at the Lausanne University Hospital, to identify determinants of LTBI and tuberculosis disease (TBD), and to evaluate the risk of a false-positive tuberculin skin test (TST) when using a positivity limit of 5 mm.

Methods: Newly arrived migrant children 0–18 years of age were prospectively enrolled from 31 August 2015 to 31 August 2017.

Emergency consultations for male adolescents: Somatic and psychological characteristics and profiles of regular users. A retrospective chart review.

Introduction: Male adolescents' mental health has been understudied compared to their female counterparts and is not well known among health professionals. This is particularly problematic in emergencies because the number of such patients is increasing.

Objectives: To identify the type of demand for care and the characteristics of male adolescents' emergency room visits.

Inhalation technique practical skills and knowledge among physicians and nurses in two pediatric emergency settings.

Correct technique with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) equipped with a valved holding chamber (VHC) or spacer provides an important advantage for adequate control of asthma and virus-induced wheezing in young children. The aim of this study was to assess the ability and knowledge of physicians and nurses to use a pMDI with a masked VHC in two pediatric emergency units. Study design: Two-center observational study.

Single doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines are sufficient to generate a booster-type response to tetanus in most migrant children.

Background: Immunization coverage for three doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines in infants is high worldwide, therefore despite the lack of documentation of past vaccinations, most migrant children do not require complete revaccination. Our strategy was to administer a single dose of a tetanus toxoid containing vaccine (TTCV) to migrant children followed by anti-tetanus toxoid (TT) serology to determine whether additional vaccine doses were required. Our goal was to estimate the basic TTCV coverage and to identify potential determinants of the vaccination response.

Nebulised hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis: a randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: To investigate whether nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) treatment would decrease length of hospital stay (LOS) among infants with moderate-to severe-bronchiolitis compared with standard supportive care (SC).

Methods: We conducted an open, multicentre, randomised clinical trial from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2016, in Swiss children's hospitals. Patients aged 6 weeks to 24 months with a primary diagnosis of moderate or severe bronchiolitis were included.

Retrospective study on the usefulness of pulse oximetry for the identification of young children with severe illnesses and severe pneumonia in a rural outpatient clinic of Papua New Guinea.

Objective: This secondary analysis of data of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) retrospectively investigated the performance of pulse oximetry in identifying children with severe illnesses, with and without respiratory signs/symptoms, in a cohort of children followed for morbid episodes in an intervention trial assessing the efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in infants (IPTi) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) from June 2006 to May 2010.

Setting: The IPTi study was conducted in a paediatric population visiting two health centres on the north coast of PNG in the Mugil area of the Sumkar District.

Participants: A total of 669 children visited the clinic and a total of 1921 illness episodes were recorded.

High coverage of hepatitis B vaccination and low prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in migrant children dictate a new catch-up vaccination strategy.

Background: Worldwide coverage of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is increasing. This should be considered when determining the best strategy for catch-up HB vaccination in migrant children, who rarely have written proof of past immunizations. This study aimed to estimate HB vaccine protection, chronic HB prevalence and to identify determinants of vaccine protection.

Risk behaviours among native and immigrant youths in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study.

Question Under Study: Switzerland has been receiving migrants of various origins for more than 50 years. The adoption of risk-taking behaviours among migrant youths is unclear. Moreover, when studied, migrant youths are rarely analysed according to whether they are first or second generation, or just young people with mixed origins.

Clinical signs of hypoxaemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute respiratory distress in Switzerland and Senegal.

Background: Hypoxaemia is a predictor of pneumonia-related mortality. WHO published recommendations for oxygen therapy based on clinical signs which state that, when oxygen is plentiful, it should be given to children with central cyanosis, inability to drink, severe chest indrawing, RR >70 breaths/min, grunting with every breath (in young infants) or those who display head nodding. These guidelines, however, are based on a few studies only.

[Families' experiences and satisfaction with a pediatric emergency service].

Objective: Today, pediatric emergency services receive a rising number of "non-urgent" cases, which are due to parental anxiety or a miscomprehension of medical explanations. The aim of this study was therefore to understand what those families experience and need when they consult in such cases, in order to respond with adapted solutions.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with parents, after the consultation or in the waiting room.