Enhancing Nanobody Immunoassays through Ferritin Fusion: Construction of a -Specific Fenobody for Improved Avidity and Sensitivity.

Nanobodies (Nbs) serve as powerful tools in immunoassays. However, their small size and monovalent properties pose challenges for practical application. Multimerization emerges as a significant strategy to address these limitations, enhancing the utilization of nanobodies in immunoassays.

Enhancing Oriented Immobilization Efficiency: A One-for-Two Organism-Bispecific Nanobody Scaffold for Highly Sensitive Detection of Foodborne Pathogens.

Nanobodies have gained widespread application in immunoassays. However, their small size presents a significant challenge in achieving effective immobilization and optimal sensitivity. Here, we present a novel "one-for-two"-oriented immobilization platform based on an organism-bispecific nanobody (O-BsNb) scaffold, enabling highly sensitive detection of two bacterial pathogens.

Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein-Triggered On-Off-On Fluorescence Immunosensor for Aflatoxin in Cereals.

Nanobodies (Nbs) are widely used in immunoassays with the advantages of small size and high stability. Here, the nanobody employed as the surrogate of aflatoxin antigen and the recognition mechanism of antiaflatoxin mAb with nanobody was studied by molecular modeling, which verified the feasibility of Nbs as antigen substitutes. On this basis, a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (Nb-AP) was constructed, and a highly sensitive "on-off-on" fluorescent immunosensor (OFO-FL immunosensor) based on the calcein/Ce system was developed for aflatoxin quantification.

Phage-Displayed Nanobody as a Sensitive Nanoprobe to Enhance Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detection in Dairy Products.

The exploitation of stable, high-affinity, and low-cost nanoprobes is essential to develop immunoassays for real-time monitoring of foodborne pathogens, so as to safeguard human health. The possible interaction of the Fc fragment of antibodies with spA protein on will result in unexpected interference. To address this consideration, we described herein for the first time the development of nanobodies that by definition are devoid of the Fc fraction.

A single thiolated-phage displayed nanobody-based biosensor for label-free detection of foodborne pathogen.

Rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens present in food and environmental samples is of crucial importance to ensure human health and safety. Here, we present a one-step label-free colorimetric strategy based on M13 bacteriophage-displayed nanobody (phage-Nb) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies specific to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus).

Inhibitory effect of mitoquinone against the -synuclein fibrillation and relevant neurotoxicity: possible role in inhibition of Parkinson's disease.

Extensive studies have reported that interaction of -synuclein amyloid species with neurons is a crucial mechanistic characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and small molecules can downregulate the neurotoxic effects induced by protein aggregation. However, the exact mechanism(s) of these neuroprotective effects by small molecules remain widely unknown. In the present study, -synuclein samples in the amyloidogenic condition were aged for 120 h with or without different concentrations of mitoquinone (MitoQ) as a quinone derivative compound and the amyloid characteristics and the relevant neurotoxicity were evaluated by Thioflavin T (ThT)/Nile red fluorescence, Congo red absorption, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and caspase-9/-3 activity assays.

One-step synthesis of a Methylene Blue@ZIF-8-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its application to electrochemical sensing of rutin.

The authors demonstrate the exploitation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a template for immobilizing zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals loaded with the electrochemical probe Methylene Blue (MB). The framework was deposited on the surface of RGO in a one-pot process. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to characterize the nanocomposite.