Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from skin abscesses of native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae).

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from skin abscesses of Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea.

Methods And Results: A total of 83 isolates were recovered from skin abscesses of KNBG. Of these isolates, 74 isolates were identified as C.

Potential enterotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Aeromonas species isolated from pet turtles and their environment.

To investigate the potential enterotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance of aeromonads from pet turtles as a risk for human infection, one hundred and two Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the feces, skin and rearing environments of pet turtles and identified by biochemical and gyrB sequence analyses. Aeromonas enteropelogenes was the predominant species among the isolates (52.

Bloodstream Infection Due to CTX-M-15 and TEM-1 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow ST16.

A 57-year-old man presented with high fever and diarrhea. A blood culture revealed the presence of a Group C nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolate. On Salmonella serotyping, the isolate was identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow.

Prevalence of spp. in pet turtles and their environment.

Pet turtles are known as a source of infection to humans when handled in captivity. Thirty four turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea were examined to determine whether the turtles and their environment were contaminated with spp. spp.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells.

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.

Developmental expression analysis of Na, K-ATPase α subunits in Xenopus.

Na, K-ATPase is an integral membrane protein complex responsible for maintaining the ionic gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane and has a variety of cellular functions including neuronal activity. Studies in several organisms have shown that this protein complex regulates multiple aspects of embryonic development and is responsible for the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Here, we report the cloning and expression of Na, K-ATPase α2 (atp1a2) and α3 (atp1a3) subunits during Xenopus development and compare the expression patterns of each subunit.

Community-onset pyomyositis caused by a Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis sequence type 11 strain producing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

We report a case of community-onset pyomyositis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in South Korea. The isolated strain was resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and harbored sequence type 11 coproducing CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Physicians should be alert for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment since ESBL-producing nontyphoidal Salmonella infections are difficult to treat without initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotics.

High prevalence of blaCTX-M group genes in Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from aquaculture fish species in South Korea.

The prevalence of resistant genes against β-lactams in 119 Aeromonas strains was determined. A large number (99.2%) of the present fish strains were resistant to one or more β- lactams including ceftiofur, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, piperacillin and cefpodoxime.

Clostridium tertium bacteremia in a patient with glyphosate ingestion.

Background: Clostridium tertium is distributed in the soil and in animal and human gastrointestinal tracts. C. tertium has been isolated from patients with blood diseases, immune disorders, and abdominal surgeries.

The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in wild Korean water deer, Korea.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetti infection in wild Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in Korea, by using serology and real-time PCR analyses. One hundred ninety-six sera were collected from 4 provinces and tested for anti-C. burnetii antibody detection, by means of CHEKIT Q fever ELISA kit; and C.

Severe sepsis due to Aeromonas aquariorum in a patient with liver cirrhosis.

Thus far, Aeromonas aquariorum infection has been unrecorded in Korea. Herein, we report a fatal case of A. aquariorum infection in a 77-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis.

Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes: Stabilization of Mitochondria and the Inhibition of Caspase-3.

Chondrocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which produces reactive oxygen species, reportedly induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. The ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is the principal component in ginseng and has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-arthritis, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor activities.

Molecular characterization of Aeromonas species isolated from farmed eels (Anguilla japonica).

Seventy Aeromonas strains were identified by phylogenetic analysis using housekeeping genes (gyrB and rpoD) in order to investigate etiological agents for aeromoniasis in farmed eels (Anguilla japonica). The phylogenetic analysis showed that Aeromonas aquariorum (n=22, 31.4%) was the predominant species among the investigated eel strains, followed by Aeromonas caviae (n=16, 22.

Bacterial pathogens and flora isolated from farm-cultured eels (Anguilla japonica) and their environmental waters in Korean eel farms.

The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial pathogens and flora in both sick and clinically healthy eels, Anguilla japonica, and the environmental rearing waters of Korean eel farms. Between 2003 and 2010, a total of 621 sick eels were submitted for diagnosis, while 216 healthy eels and 87 environmental water samples were collected during a survey of 26 eel farms in Korea. Seven different bacterial species were obtained from 183 isolates, which were recovered from the internal organs of the 621 sick eels.

Catheter-related bacteremia caused by multidrug-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata in a patient with breast cancer.

We report a multidrug-resistant strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata responsible for catheter-related bacteremia in a 47-year-old female with breast cancer. The isolated strain was resistant to several β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and folate pathway inhibitors and harbored bla(TEM-1) and bla(CTX-M) group 1 and intl1 genes (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2) as genetic determinants for resistance. Based on a review of the L.

Efficacy of benzocaine as an anaesthetic for Crucian carp (Carassius carassius).

Objective: To investigate the anaesthetic induction time and concentrations of stress markers in Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) subjected to different concentrations of benzocaine.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: Thirty-six Crucian carp [body weight 368.

Comparison of antigenic proteins from Lactococcus garvieae KG- and KG+ strains that are recognized by olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) antibodies.

Lactococcus garvieae is an important etiological agent of lactococcosis in various fish species including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, proteomic and immunoproteomic analyses were employed to compare the antigenic profiles of strains KG9408, MS93003, and NSS9310 strains of L. garvieae.

Phenotypic characteristics of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The etiological agents of streptococcosis were isolated from diseased olive flounder collected on the Jeju island of Korea. A total of 151 bacterial isolates were collected between 2003 and 2006. The isolates were examined using various phenotypic and proteomic analyses, including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblotting, and glycoprotein assays.

Induction of apoptosis of Beta cells of the pancreas by advanced glycation end-products, important mediators of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.

We herein report cytotoxicity of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on pancreatic beta cells. AGEs stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation but did not arrest proliferation of the INS-1 cell line. Pancreatic beta cell lines or primary cultured islets possess a receptor for AGE (RAGE), and its expression increased after AGE treatment.

TGFbeta plasmid construction and delivery for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.

Studies of animals with spontaneous autoimmune diabetes have revealed that autoreactive T cells that mediate islet beta cell destruction can be manipulated by the administration of Th(2) cytokines. Using gene delivery to express the targeted protein, we can overcome the need for frequent administration of cytokines on account of their short half-lives. In this study, the effect of hTGFbeta gene delivery was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using an adenovirus vector (Ad) constructed with an hTGFbeta cDNA.

Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The rates of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance were investigated in Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis isolates obtained from diseased olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) collected from fish farms in Jeju Island, Korea. Isolates of S. iniae (n=65) were susceptible to cefotaxime, erythromycin, ofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin, as demonstrated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test.

Evaluation of non-specific immune components from the skin mucus of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The innate immune system, particularly the external body surface, plays a frontier role in protecting fish under intensive aquaculture and at prolonged low temperatures from relevant infections due to inadequate adaptive immune responses. In the present study we aimed to understand the mucosal immunity of an economically important mariculture fish, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by evaluating the immune components from its skin mucus. The activities of lysozyme (233.

Application of immunoproteomics in developing a Streptococcus iniae vaccine for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Streptococcus iniae is the major etiological agent of streptococcosis, which is responsible for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, particularly olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In the present study, we sought to understand the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of S. iniae in order to develop a vaccine for streptococcosis.