Determinants of delirium in elderly in-patients in a general ward setting in a teaching hospital: A case control study.

Background: There is a dearth of research on risk factors of delirium among elderly inpatients in nonintensive low resource settings.

Aim: To determine the risk factors of delirium in elderly inpatients in a nonintensive care unit setting.

Materials And Methods: Sixty two elderly patients with delirium (cases) and 62 patients without delirium (controls) were administered a semi-structured proforma with socio-demographic variables and putative predisposing and precipitating risk factors and the Vellore screening instrument for dementia.

Analyzing the Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection on Patients With Comorbidities: Insights From Hospital-Based Study.

Introduction COVID-19 exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe respiratory distress and, in some instances, fatal outcomes. The pre-existing inflammatory state in the patient prior to exposure to COVID-19, which could be because of any etiology or comorbidity, has been associated with prolonged morbidity, and adverse outcomes like increased mortality have been found. This study endeavors to investigate the principal risk factors linked to the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, such as age, gender, and co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and others.

Association of Vitamin D with Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease.

Vitamin D safeguards cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and susceptibility to atheroma. This study aimed to evaluate the association of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors like body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile with vitamin D. Patients of both genders aged over 18 years, who underwent coronary angiogram for cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, or syncope, were enrolled in the present study.

Seizure in geriatric population - An unheeded integer.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological conditions among the elderly. Age-related epileptogenic disorders as well as the ageing itself pose a risk for seizures in the elderly. The lack of witnesses, non-specific symptoms, and transient symptoms make the diagnosis challenging in the elderly.

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment test and Timed Up and Go test as predictors of falls in the elderly - A cross-sectional study.

Background: Falls are common in the elderly and frequently have serious consequences, which lead to physical and psychological complications. Assessment of fall risk in the elderly is performed by using functional assessment tools that assess the muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, and gait. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) assesses functional mobility and the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment test (POMA) assesses balance, postural control, and gait.

Risk factors and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Objectives: The increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease [CAD] poses worrying statistics. Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels is the main culprit for the spectrum of CAD especially acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis is regarded as a consequence of inflammatory changes in the coronaries.

Tuberculosis in elderly population: A cross-sectional comparative study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common but neglected infectious disease of global significance. It has a varied presentation in the elderly compared to adults. The present study was conceived to study the resemblances and differences shared in terms of clinical profile, comorbidities, and laboratory investigations by TB in adults and the elderly population.

Risk Assessment of COVID-19 Infection among the Elderly Population.

Elderly patients are susceptible to COVID-19 infection. They usually present with atypical symptoms and multiple organ dysfunction. The poor outcome in elderly patients is due to multiple comorbidities, declining functional status, and frailty.

Clinical and Inflammatory Profile of COVID-19 Infection at a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern Part of Tamil Nadu - A Retrospective Study.

Introduction The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has incurred high costs for the entire planet. The complex interactions between the host, virus, and environment have resulted in various clinical outcomes. It is crucial to comprehend sickness severity and outcome predictors to provide early preventative measures for a better outcome.

Assessment of Fall Risk in Elderly Rural Population.

Fall risk assessment is an essential component of a comprehensive fall reduction and prevention program. Fall risk assessment is done to identify patients' risk for falls and ultimately prevent falls from occurring. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for fall in the elderly population.

Dengue: A Neglected Disease of Concern.

Background Dengue fever, more prevalent in Asia, is a highly neglected vector-borne disease. It has a varied presentation ranging from common fever to atypical presentation as encephalitis. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical profile of dengue patients admitted to a tertiary care center in Tamilnadu.

Natural History of Cryptosporidiosis in a Birth Cohort in Southern India.

Background: Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of moderate to severe childhood diarrhea in resource-poor settings. Understanding the natural history of cryptosporidiosis and the correlates of protection are essential to develop effective and sustainable approaches to disease control and prevention.

Methods: Children (N = 497) were recruited at birth in semiurban slums in Vellore, India, and followed for 3 years with twice-weekly home visits.

Serum Anti-Cryptosporidial gp15 Antibodies in Mothers and Children Less than 2 Years of Age in India.

Little is known about the type and longevity of the humoral response to cryptosporidial infections in developing countries. We evaluated serum antibody response to Cryptosporidium gp15 in 150 sets of maternal, preweaning and postinfection/end-of-follow-up sera from children followed up to 2 years of age to determine the influence of maternal and preweaning serological status on childhood cryptosporidiosis. Fifty two percent (N = 78) of mothers and 20% (N = 30) of children were seropositive preweaning.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis masking the diagnosis of lymphoma in an adolescent male.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) association with an underlying lymphoma is an uncommon entity in paediatrics. It may precede lymphoma diagnosis by several years or may occur at the time of remission or relapse of lymphoma. Simultaneous occurrence of HLH & lymphoma is rare.

Cryptosporidiosis among children in an endemic semiurban community in southern India: does a protected drinking water source decrease infection?

Background: A quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine whether or not a protected water supply (bottled drinking water) could prevent or delay cryptosporidial infections among children residing in an endemic community.

Methods: A total of 176 children residing in a semiurban slum area in southern India were enrolled preweaning and received either bottled (n = 90) or municipal (n = 86) drinking water based on residence in specific streets. Weekly surveillance visits were conducted until children reached their second birthday.

JAK2 Negative Polycythemia Vera.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a stem cell disorder, characterized as a panhyperplastic, malignant, and neoplastic marrow disorder. Several reasons suggest that a mutation on the Janus kinase-2 gene (JAK2) is the most probable candidate gene involved in PV pathogenesis, as JAK2 is directly involved in intracellular signaling, following its exposure to cytokines, to which PV progenitor cells display hypersensitivity. A recurrent unique acquired clonal mutation in JAK2 was found in most patients with PV and other myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs).

Alternans and the onset of ventricular fibrillation.

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains a major cause of death in the industrialized world. Alternans (a period-doubling bifurcation of cardiac electrical activity) have recently been causally linked to the progression from ventricular tachycardia (VT) to VF, a more spatiotemporally disorganized electrical activity. In this paper, we show how alternans and thus VT degenerate to chaos via multiple, specific dynamical routes, largely associated with spatial components of VF dynamics, explaining failures of many recently proposed antiarrhythmic drugs.

Childhood leprosy in an endemic area.

A study was done on 794 new cases of leprosy among children (aged 0-14 years) detected and treated with MDT during 1990-1995 in Gudiyatham Taluk, South India. Incidence rates of leprosy and proportion of multibacillary cases increased with age, while bacillary + tuberculoid was most common. Over 80% had a single patch and most children were detected through surveys.