Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas Advancement in Molecular Diagnostics and Signal Readout Approaches.

Discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system has greatly improved the gene editing technology. Their applications in the area of diagnostic innovation are gaining much attention. The key characteristics of CRISPR/Cas system that allowed its extensive exploitation in the detection platform are their programmable and highly selective target recognition scheme.

Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors toward Clinical Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring: Review.

Aptamers are synthetic bio-receptors of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) origin selected by the systematic evolution of ligands (SELEX) process that bind a broad range of target analytes with high affinity and specificity. So far, electrochemical biosensors have come up as a simple and sensitive method to utilize aptamers as a bio-recognition element. Numerous aptamer based sensors have been developed for clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental monitoring and several other applications are under development.

A Hand-Held Point-of-Care Biosensor Device for Detection of Multiple Cancer and Cardiac Disease Biomarkers Using Interdigitated Capacitive Arrays.

This paper presents a hand-held point-of-care device that incorporates a lab-on-a-chip module with interdigitated capacitive biosensors for label-free detection of multiple cancer and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. The developed prototype is comprised of a cartridge incorporating capacitive biodetection sensors, a sensitive capacitive readout electronics enclosed in a hand-held unit, and data analysis software calculating the concentration of biomarkers using previously stored reference database. The capacitive biodetection sensors are made of interdigitated circular electrodes, which are preactivated with single (for detecting one biomarker) or multiple specific antibodies (for detecting multiple disease biomarkers).

Food Safety Analysis Using Electrochemical Biosensors.

Rapid and precise analytical tools are essential for monitoring food safety and screening of any undesirable contaminants, allergens, or pathogens, which may cause significant health risks upon consumption. Substantial developments in analytical techniques have empowered the analyses and quantitation of these contaminants. However, conventional techniques are limited by delayed analysis times, expensive and laborious sample preparation, and the necessity for highly-trained workers.

Electrochemical Aptasensors for Food and Environmental Safeguarding: A Review.

Food and environmental monitoring is one of the most important aspects of dealing with recent threats to human well-being and ecosystems. In this framework, electrochemical aptamer-based sensors are resilient due to their ability to resolve food and environmental contamination. An aptamer-based sensor is a compact analytical device combining an aptamer as the bio-sensing element integrated on the transducer surface.

Carboxylic group riched graphene oxide based disposable electrochemical immunosensor for cancer biomarker detection.

In this work, we have developed for the first time a carboxylic group riched graphene oxide based disposable electrochemical immunosensor for cancer biomarker detection using methylene blue (MB). The developed immunosensor is highly sensitive for detection of biomarker Mucin1 (MUC1) in human serum samples. Development of this disposable electrochemical immunosensor was premeditated by applying specific monoclonal antibodies against MUC1.

Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance (EQCN) Based Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Milk.

An electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN), which provides real-time analysis of dynamic surface events, is a valuable tool for analyzing biomolecular interactions. EQCN biosensors are based on mass-sensitive measurements that can detect small mass changes caused by chemical binding to small piezoelectric crystals. Among the various biosensors, the piezoelectric biosensor is considered one of the most sensitive analytical techniques, capable of detecting antigens at picogram levels.

A novel colorimetric competitive aptamer assay for lysozyme detection based on superparamagnetic nanobeads.

Lysozyme (Lys) commonly presents in wines and are known to cause toxicological impact on human health. The need of highly sensitive and reliable detection methods are evident in such matrix. In this work, we developed a competitive aptamer based assay for detection of Lys by employing carboxylated magnetic beads as a support to immobilize the target molecule Lys.

Microbes in Heavy Metal Remediation: A Review on Current Trends and Patents.

Background: Heavy metal pollution in the environmental samples like soil, water and runoff water is a worldwide problem. Such contamination of environmental matrices by the heavy metals accumulates due to various activities involving human driven sources and industries, although agriculture and sewage disposal are the largest source for the heavy metal contamination. Disposal of heavy metals or waste products containing heavy metals in the environment postures a trivial threat to public safety and health.

Ultrasensitive detection of streptomycin using flow injection analysis-electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (FIA-EQCN) biosensor.

This work presents the development of an ultrasensitive biosensor for detection of streptomycin residues in milk samples using flow injection analysis-electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (FIA-EQCN) technique. Monoclonal antibody specific to streptomycin was immobilized on to the thiol modified gold quartz crystal surface. A broad dynamic range (0.

Flow injection analysis biosensor for urea analysis in urine using enzyme thermistor.

There is a need for analytical methods capable of monitoring urea levels in urine for patients under clinical monitoring to appraise renal function. Herein, we present a practical method to quantify levels of urea in human urine samples using flow injection analysis-enzyme thermistor (FIA-ET) biosensor. The biosensor comprises a covalently immobilized enzyme urease (Jack bean) on aminated silica support, which selectively hydrolyzes the urea present in the sample.

Flow injection analysis biosensor for urea analysis in adulterated milk using enzyme thermistor.

Urea in adulterated milk is one of the major health concern, it is especially harmful to pregnant women, children, and the sick. A sophisticated and reliable detection system is needed to replace current diagnostic tools for the urea in the milk. In this work, we report a flow injection analysis-enzyme thermistor (FIA-ET) bio-sensing system for monitoring of urea in adulterated milk.