Where you live can impact your cancer risk: a look at multiple myeloma in New York City.

Purpose: To visualize variation in multiple myeloma (MM) incidence and mortality rates by race-ethnicity and geographic location and evaluate their correlation with neighborhood-level population covariates within New York City (NYC).

Methods: Trends and racial differences in MM incidence and mortality for the United States [Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry (SEER), National Center for Health Statistics], and NYC [New York State Cancer Registry] were compared using Joinpoint regression. Pearson's correlation coefficients measured neighborhood-level MM-covariate relationships (n = 34).

Does Animation Improve Comprehension of Risk Information in Patients with Low Health Literacy? A Randomized Trial.

Enhanced visual effects, like animation, have the potential to improve comprehension of probabilistic risk information, particularly for those with lower health literacy. We tested the effect of presentation format on comprehension of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening probabilities to identify optimal risk communication strategies. Participants from a community foodbank and a cancer prevention center were randomized to 1 of 3 CRC screening risk presentations.

Comparing the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of acute myeloid leukemia with and without acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a particularly aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with high rates of early death. It is important to examine how epidemiological characteristics, clinical and treatment factors, cytogenetic and genetic data affect survival and differ between APL and non-APL AML patients. We analyzed population data from the New York State Cancer Registry to characterize AML including APL incidence rates by demographics.

Risk of Primary Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumor After a First Primary Cancer: A US Population-Based Study.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the relative and excess risk of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) at least 6 months after the first primary cancer (FPC) among the US population.

Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results Program data were analyzed for patients diagnosed as having FPC from 2000 to 2015 (n = 4,008,092). Standardized incidence ratios, excess risk, and average time to diagnosis of a second primary pancreatic NET were reported by FPC site, stratified by sex and receipt of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Liver Cancer Disparities in New York City: A Neighborhood View of Risk and Harm Reduction Factors.

Introduction: Liver cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in the United States and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in New York City (NYC), with wide disparities among neighborhoods. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe liver cancer incidence by neighborhood and examine its association with risk factors. This information can inform preventive and treatment interventions.

Limitations of the S-TOFHLA in measuring poor numeracy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Although the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) is widely used, misidentification of individuals with low health literacy (HL) in specific HL dimensions, like numeracy, is a concern. We examined the degree to which individuals scored as "adequate" HL on the S-TOFHLA would be considered as having low HL by two additional numerical measures.

Methods: English-speaking adults aged 45-75 years were recruited from a large, urban academic medical center and a community foodbank in the United States.

An entertainment-education colorectal cancer screening decision aid for African American patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates for African American patients remain suboptimal. Patient decision aids designed with an entertainment-education approach have been shown to improve saliency and foster informed decision making. The purpose of this study was to assess whether an entertainment-education decision aid tailored for African American patients improved patients' decision making, attitudes, intentions, or colorectal cancer screening behavior.

Patient Decision Aids for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Decision aids prepare patients to make decisions about healthcare options consistent with their preferences. Helping patients choose among available options for colorectal cancer screening is important because rates are lower than screening for other cancers. This systematic review describes studies evaluating patient decision aids for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults and their impact on knowledge, screening intentions, and uptake.

Are cancer-related decision aids appropriate for socially disadvantaged patients? A systematic review of US randomized controlled trials.

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is considered a key component of high quality cancer care and may be supported by patient decision aids (PtDAs). Many patients, however, face multiple social disadvantages that may influence their ability to fully participate in SDM or to use PtDAs; additionally, these social disadvantages are among the determinants of health associated with greater cancer risk, unwarranted variations in care and worse outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the extent to which disadvantaged social groups in the United States (US) have been included in trials of cancer-related PtDAs and to highlight strategies, lessons learned and future opportunities for developing and evaluating PtDAs that are appropriate for disadvantaged populations.

Citation searches are more sensitive than keyword searches to identify studies using specific measurement instruments.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of two search methods in identifying studies that used the Control Preferences Scale (CPS), a health care decision-making instrument commonly used in clinical settings.

Study Design And Setting: We searched the literature using two methods: (1) keyword searching using variations of "Control Preferences Scale" and (2) cited reference searching using two seminal CPS publications. We searched three bibliographic databases [PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS)] and one full-text database (Google Scholar).

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in drug using populations: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Injecting and non-injecting drug users are at increased risk of contracting HBV infection, and show lower antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination compared to the general population. This systematic review and meta-regression analysis aimed to estimate seroprotection rates and identify host or vaccine factors associated with varying immune response following hepatitis B vaccination in drug using populations. Original research articles were searched using online databases (Medline, PubMed, and Embase) and from reference lists of eligible articles.

Feasibility of a patient decision aid about lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography.

Objective: New clinical guidelines endorse the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening among selected heavy smokers while recommending patients be counseled about the potential benefits and harms. We developed and field tested a brief, video-based patient decision aid about lung cancer screening.

Methods: Smokers in a cancer center tobacco treatment program aged 45 to 75 years viewed the video online between November 2011 and September 2012.

Delivering patient decision aids on the Internet: definitions, theories, current evidence, and emerging research areas.

Background: In 2005, the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Collaboration identified twelve quality dimensions to guide assessment of patient decision aids. One dimension-the delivery of patient decision aids on the Internet-is relevant when the Internet is used to provide some or all components of a patient decision aid. Building on the original background chapter, this paper provides an updated definition for this dimension, outlines a theoretical rationale, describes current evidence, and discusses emerging research areas.