Concentration of particulate matter and atmospheric pollutants in the residential area of Kathmandu Valley: A case study of March-April 2021 forest fire events.

Forest fires have become more intense and frequent in recently changing climates. The wide variety of pollutants released by forest fire include greenhouse gases, photochemically reactive compounds, and fine and coarse particulate matter. This study investigated the impact of forest fire events on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley during March-April 2021 using ground air quality monitoring stations and satellite data.

The combination of knockdown and TNFα causes synthetic lethality via caspase-8 activation in human carcinoma cell lines.

Most normal and tumor cells are protected from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. Here, we identify the MAP3 kinase tumor progression locus-2 (TPL2) as a player contributing to the protection of a subset of tumor cell lines. The combination of knockdown and TNFα gives rise to a synthetic lethality phenotype via receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent and -independent mechanisms.