Study Design: A cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted in two sessions.
Objective: To determine and compare the reliability and validity of contraindications to chiropractic treatment (infections, malignancies, inflammatory spondylitis, and spondylolysis-listhesis) detected by chiropractors, chiropractic radiologists, and medical radiologists on plain lumbosacral radiographs.
Summary Of Background Data: Plain radiography of the spine is an established part of chiropractic practice.