Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Temporal Statistics in a Continuous Free-Electron Beam with Subpicosecond Resolution.

We present a novel method to measure the arrival time statistics of continuous electron beams with subpicosecond resolution, based on the combination of an rf deflection cavity and fast single electron imaging. We observe Poissonian statistics within time bins from 100 to 2 ns and increasingly pronounced sub-Poissonian statistics as the time bin decreases from 2 ps to 340 fs. This 2D streak camera, in principle, enables femtosecond-level arrival time measurements, paving the way to observing Pauli blocking effects in electron beams and thus serving as an essential diagnostic tool toward degenerate electron beam sources for free-electron quantum optics.

Predictors of surgical treatment burden, outcomes, and overall survival in older adults with basal cell carcinoma: Results from the prospective, multicenter BATOA cohort.

Background: Incorporating patient-related factors associated with treatment outcomes could improve personalized care in older patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Objective: To evaluate and identify predictors of treatment burden, treatment outcomes, and overall survival in patients aged ≥70 years, surgically treated for BCC in the head and neck area.

Methods: The data from the prospective, multicenter Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment in Older Adults (BATOA) cohort study were extracted to evaluate the experienced treatment burden (visual analog scale, 0-10 cm; lower scores indicating higher treatment burden), treatment outcomes, and mortality.

Prognostic factors associated with a restricted mouth opening (trismus) in patients with head and neck cancer: Systematic review.

Background: To prescribe early trismus therapy, prognostic factors influencing the restricted mouth opening should be identified first. Our aim is to present an overview of these factors in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using terms related to head and neck cancer and mouth opening.

The use of stretching devices for treatment of trismus in head and neck cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects of two stretching devices, the TheraBite® Jaw Motion Rehabilitation System™ and the Dynasplint Trismus System®, on maximal mouth opening in head and neck cancer patients.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to one of two exercise groups: the TheraBite® Jaw Motion Rehabilitation System™ group or the Dynasplint Trismus System® group. Patients performed stretching exercises for 3 months.

Prevalence and prediction of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Trismus occurs frequently in patients with head and neck cancer. Determining the prevalence and associated factors of trismus would enable prediction of the risk of trismus for future patients.

Methods: Based on maximal mouth opening measurements, we determined the prevalence of trismus in 730 patients with head and neck cancer.

Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR is upregulated in an aggressive subgroup of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mediates the establishment of gene-specific DNA methylation patterns.

Aberrant alterations of DNA methylation are common events in oncogenesis. The origin of cancer-associated epigenetic defects is of interest for mechanistic understanding of malignant transformation and-in the long run-therapeutic modulation of DNA methylation in a locus-specific manner. Given the ability of certain long noncoding RNAs to operate as an interface between DNA and the epigenetic modification machinery which can interact with DNA methyltransferases, we hypothesized-considering HOTAIR as an example-that this transcript may contribute to gene specificity of DNA methylation.

Criterion for trismus in head and neck cancer patients: a verification study.

Purpose: Several cut-off points for trismus in head and neck cancer patients have been used. A mouth opening of 35 mm or less is most frequently used as cut-off point. Due to the variation in cut-off points, prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of trismus cannot be studied in a uniform manner.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Predictors for trismus in patients receiving radiotherapy.

Background: Trismus, a restricted mouth opening in head and neck cancer patients may be caused by tumor infiltration in masticatory muscles, radiation-induced fibrosis or scarring after surgery. It may impede oral functioning severely. The aims of our study were to determine: (1) the incidence of trismus at various time points; and (2) the patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics that predict the development of trismus after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients using a large database (n = 641).

Quality and comfort in head and neck hyperthermia: A redesign according to clinical experience and simulation studies.

Purpose: Clinical phase III trials have shown the benefit of adding hyperthermia to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck cancer (H&N). The HYPERcollar, a functional prototype capable of applying hyperthermia to the entire H&N region was developed. Specific absorption rate-based hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is used to optimise HYPERcollar treatments.

Development of a non-melanoma skin cancer detection model.

Background: The incidence and prevalence of skin cancer is rising. A detection model could support the (screening) process of diagnosing non-melanoma skin cancer.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed containing potential actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) characteristics.

The effect of immunoglobulins and somatic cells on the gravity separation of fat, bacteria, and spores in pasteurized whole milk.

Our objective was to determine the role that immunoglobulins and somatic cells (SC) play in the gravity separation of milk. The experiment comprised 9 treatments: (1) low-temperature pasteurized (LTP; 72°C for 17.31s) whole milk; (2) LTP (72°C for 17.

Effect of colostrum on gravity separation of milk somatic cells in skim milk.

Our objective was to determine if immunoglobulins play a role in the gravity separation (rising to the top) of somatic cells (SC) in skim milk. Other researchers have shown that gravity separation of milk fat globules is enhanced by IgM. Our recent research found that bacteria and SC gravity separate in both raw whole and skim milk and that heating milk to >76.

The incidence of skin cancer in dermatology.

Background: It is known that the incidence of skin cancer is rising rapidly worldwide, but no reliable figures on multiple nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are available.

Aim: To determine the actual incidence of skin cancer in dermatology practice and to estimate how this relates to the first primary tumours (registered at the Eindhoven Cancer Registry).

Methods: We examined 1001 randomly selected patient records at Catharina Hospital Eindhoven for mention of skin cancer.

Interferon-inducible mechanism of dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 dissemination is dependent on Siglec-1/CD169.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) interactions with myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) can result in virus dissemination to CD4⁺ T cells via a trans infection pathway dependent on virion incorporation of the host cell derived glycosphingolipid (GSL), GM3. The mechanism of DC-mediated trans infection is extremely efficacious and can result in infection of multiple CD4⁺ T cells as these cells make exploratory contacts on the DC surface. While it has long been appreciated that activation of DCs with ligands that induce type I IFN signaling pathway dramatically enhances DC-mediated T cell trans infection, the mechanism by which this occurs has remained unclear until now.

Admission and capacity planning for the implementation of one-stop-shop in skin cancer treatment using simulation-based optimization.

Hospitals and health care institutions are facing the challenge of improving the quality of their services while reducing their costs. The current study presents the application of operations management practices in a dermatology oncology outpatient clinic specialized in skin cancer treatment. An interesting alternative considered by the clinic is the implementation of a one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of new patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma.

Microwave TM(010) cavities as versatile 4D electron optical elements.

The realization of high quality ultrashort pulsed beams requires ultrafast time-dependent electron optics. We present derivations of closed expressions both for the longitudinal and transverse focusing powers of resonant microwave TM010 cavities. The derived expressions are validated by particle tracking simulations using realistic cavity fields.

Characterization of peripheral and mucosal immune responses in rhesus macaques on long-term tenofovir and emtricitabine combination antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to suppress virus replication to limit immune system damage. Some have proposed combining ART with immune therapies to boost antiviral immunity. For this to be successful, ART must not impair physiological immune function.

An analysis of contextual information relevant to medical care unexpectedly volunteered to researchers by asthma patients.

Objective: To describe and categorize contextual information relevant to patients' medical care unexpectedly volunteered to research personnel as part of a patient advocate (PA) intervention to facilitate access health care, communication with medical personnel, and self-management of a chronic disease such as asthma.

Methods: We adapted a patient navigator intervention, to overcome barriers to access and communication for adults with moderate or severe asthma. Informed by focus groups of patients and providers, our PAs facilitated preparation for a visit with an asthma provider, attended the visit, confirmed understanding, and assisted with post-visit activities.

Imiquimod 5% cream as pretreatment of Mohs micrographic surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma in the face: a prospective randomized controlled study.

Background: Imiquimod 5% cream can reduce or clear superficial and small nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). It could be used as a pretreatment of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to decrease defect size.

Objectives: To study if a pretreatment with imiquimod 5% cream decreases defect size after MMS.

Management of post dermato- oncological defects: a case series and discussion of treatment options.

Managing poorly healing wounds and large defects of the scalp after treatment of skin cancer in elderly men is a common and challenging problem. The increasing incidence of scalp pathology, and the often concomitant morbidity in these patients, often restricts invasive treatment options. Subsequently, this requires the dermatologist to look at alternative treatment options.

One-stop-shop treatment for basal cell carcinoma, part of a new disease management strategy.

Background: The number of skin cancer patients, especially patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is rapidly increasing. Resources available at dermato-oncology units have not increased proportionally, which affects the throughput time of patients.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of implementation of the one-stop-shop concept for the treatment of patients with BCC at a dermato-oncology unit.

Problem solving to improve adherence and asthma outcomes in urban adults with moderate or severe asthma: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Improving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence should improve asthma outcomes.

Objective: In a randomized controlled trial we tested whether an individualized problem-solving (PS) intervention improves ICS adherence and asthma outcomes.

Methods: Adults with moderate or severe asthma from clinics serving urban neighborhoods were randomized to PS (ie, defining specific barriers to adherence, proposing/weighing solutions, trying the best, assessing, and revising) or standard asthma education (AE) for 3 months and then observed for 3 months.