Lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation in canine neutrophils is dependent on histone H3 citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase.

Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are extracellular chromatin decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins. Although known for antimicrobial properties, overzealous production of NETs (NETosis) may lead to cytotoxicity and multiple organ failure in sepsis. Pathogen-induced NETosis has been extensively studied in mice but its importance in dogs remains largely unknown.