Nutrition Practices of Lithuanian Elite International and National-level Male Bodybuilders in the Pre-competition Period.

Objectives: To compare the pre-competition nutrition practices of Lithuanian elite international-level (IL) and national-level (NL) bodybuilders.

Methods: Sixteen male bodybuilders (n=8 per group) were enrolled. The IL group comprised individuals achieving 1 to 4 place in the World and European Championships organized by the IFBB, whereas the NL group ranked between 1 and 6 place in the national championships.

Reliability and validity of sprint performance using the Alex7 motorized device.

Introduction: Advancements in technology have recently made it possible to implement effective training solutions across different environmental conditions. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of measures obtained from the innovative motorized device, Alex7 (Inosportas, Lithuania), and differences in speed and kinematic characteristics between resisted and assisted sprinting in young football players.

Methods: Twenty-seven male athletes (mean age: 16.

"Two sides of the same coin": constant motor learning speeds up, whereas variable motor learning stabilizes, speed-accuracy movements.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the time course of the trade-off between speed and accuracy, intraindividual variability, and movement transfer and retention (4 weeks after learning) of speed-accuracy tasks.

Methods: The participants in this study were healthy adults randomly divided into three groups (control versus constant versus variable). They were aged 19-24 years, and 30 (15 men and 15 women) were in each group.

What are the best isometric exercises of muscle potentiation?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to follow post-activation potentiation (PAP), low-frequency fatigue (LFF), metabolic-induced fatigue and post-contractile depression (PCD) in response to different isometric muscle contraction modalities.

Methods: Young healthy men (N = 120) were randomly assigned to one of ten exercise modality groups which differed in contraction duration (5-60 s), activation pattern (intermittent or continuous contractions), activation mode (voluntary or stimulated), and intensity [maximal or submaximal (50%)]. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and electrically induced knee extension torque were measured at baseline and at regular intervals for 60 min after exercise.

Mechanisms of force depression caused by different types of physical exercise studied by direct electrical stimulation of human quadriceps muscle.

Purpose: Force production frequently remains depressed for several hours or even days after various types of strenuous physical exercise. We hypothesized that the pattern of force changes during the first hour after exercise can be used to reveal muscular mechanisms likely to underlie the decline in muscle performance during exercise as well as factors involved in the triggering the prolonged force depression after exercise.

Methods: Nine groups of recreationally active male volunteers performed one of the following types of exercise: single prolonged or repeated short maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs); single or repeated all-out cycling bouts; repeated drop jumps.

Effect of the time of day on central and peripheral fatigue during 2-min maximal voluntary contractions in persons with multiple sclerosis: gender differences.

There is a lack of data on fatigue changes within 24h among patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of day on central and peripheral fatigue during a continuous 2-min maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle in women and men with multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied age-matched MS patients (range, 40-50years).

Personality traits and exercise capacity in male athletes and non-athletes.

To investigate the relationships between personality traits and athletic capacity, this study compared a sample of 376 young adult men (169 athletes, 207 non-athletes; M age = 23.8 yr., SD = 3.

Leg immersion in warm water, stretch-shortening exercise, and exercise-induced muscle damage.

Context: Whether muscle warming protects against exercise-induced muscle damage is unknown.

Objective: To determine the effect of leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise on the time course of indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage.

Design: Crossover trial.

The Time-Course of Voluntary and Electrically Evoked Muscle Performance During and After Stretch-Shortening Exercise is Different.

The aim of the study was to establish the dynamics of maximal voluntary contraction force (MVCF), height of drop jump (DJ) and electrically evoked quadriceps muscle force at different stimulation frequencies during and after 100 DJs (stretch-shortening exercise, SSE). Healthy untrained men (n = 11; age = 21.8 ± 1.

Dynamics of indirect symptoms of skeletal muscle damage after stretch-shortening exercise.

Healthy untrained men (age 20.4+/-1.7 years, n=20) volunteered to participate in an experiment in order to establish dynamics of indirect symptoms of skeletal muscle damage (ISMD) (decrease in maximal isometric voluntary contraction torque (MVCT) and torque evoked by electrostimulation at different frequencies and at different quadriceps muscle length, height (H) of drop jump (DJ), muscle soreness and creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood) after 100 DJs from 0.

Low frequency fatigue of quadriceps muscle after sustained maximum voluntary contractions.

Immediately after sustained maximum voluntary contractions for 60 s, greater quadriceps muscle fatigue and, especially, low frequency fatigue is observed. The results of our study have shown that immediately after the exercise there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in muscle force induced by low (20 Hz) and high (50 Hz) stimulation frequencies and maximum voluntary contractions (it is not muscle length-dependent) and it did not recover to its initial (pre-exercise) level 15 min after the end of exercise.