Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote the survival of skin flaps after ischaemia-reperfusion injury via mTOR/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathways.

Flap necrosis, the most prevalent postoperative complication of reconstructive surgery, is significantly associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Recent research indicates that exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hold potential therapeutic applications in several diseases. Traditionally, BMSCs are cultured under normoxic conditions, a setting that diverges from their physiological hypoxic environment in vivo.

Clinical application of magnetic resonance lymphangiography in the vascularized omental lymph nodes transfer with or without lymphaticovenous anastomosis for cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema.

Background: The recent increase in the number of patients with lower extremities lymphedema and the development of microsurgery techniques have led to a rise in lymphedema treatment. Vascularized omental lymph node transfer (VOLT), an emerging treatment modality for extremity lymphedema, has shown its unique advantages in reconstructing lymphatic circulation and absorbing exudated lymphatic fluid. Patients who underwent radical tumor resection with/without radiation therapy treatment often present with impairment or degeneration of the inguinal lymph nodes.

The rare complication of vascular malformations of the limb after sclerotherapy: a report of 3 cases and brief literature review.

Background: Vascular malformations are common but complicated types of disease in infants, with unclear causes and lack of effective prevention. The symptoms usually do not disappear and tend to progress without medical intervention. It is extremely necessary to choose correct treatment options for different types of vascular malformations.