A qualitative study to inform the development of a decision support tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is Ethiopia's leading infectious killer disease. The war in the Tigray region of Ethiopia has resulted in the disruption of TB care services. Prediction models are recommended to aid the diagnosis of TB in resource-limited settings.

Predicting Tuberculosis Incidence and Its Trend in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Reality-Counterfactual Modeling Approach.

Background: The Tigray region of Ethiopia, which has been affected by civil war from 2020 to 2022, is facing an increase in tuberculosis in the damaged health system. Our study employed mathematical modeling to predict the incidence of tuberculosis and its trends during the war and in the post-conflict setting of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Methods: We predicted the incidence of tuberculosis from 2020 to 2025 in Tigray using the SEIRD model in the context of the recent war and compared it with its counterfactual trend in the absence of war.

Predictors contributing to the estimation of pulmonary tuberculosis among adults in a resource-limited setting: A systematic review of diagnostic predictions.

Background: Although tuberculosis is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, millions of cases remain undetected using current diagnostic methods. To address this problem, researchers have proposed prediction rules.

Objective: We analyzed existing prediction rules for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and identified factors with a moderate to high strength of association with the disease.

War related disruption of clinical tuberculosis services in Tigray, Ethiopia during the recent regional conflict: a mixed sequential method study.

Background: More than 70% of the health facilities in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, have been totally or partially destroyed by the recent war in the region. Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis were among many health services that suffered. In this study we assess the status of tuberculosis care in health facilities of Tigray during the recent war and compare it with the immediate pre-war state.

Delays to treatment initiation and emergence of drug resistance among new adult tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Studies in Ethiopia have indicated that tuberculosis (TB) patient's elapsed a long time before initiating treatment. However, there is very limited evidence on the association of treatment initiation delay with drug resistance. To investigate the association of delayed treatment initiation with drug resistance among newly diagnosed TB patients in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Neonatal Seizure Pattern, Outcome, and its Predictors Among Neonates Admitted to NICU of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Seizure is the most frequently observed symptom of neurological disorders and an important determinant of outcome during neonatal period. In clinical practice, it is prevalent and observed in neonates admitted to hospital in low-resources countries, but due to the paucity of studies in these regions, little is known about its pattern, clinical outcomes of hospitalization, and its predictors. Therefore, aims to evaluate seizure patterns, clinical outcomes, and its predictors among neonates admitted to the NICU of ACSH, Mekelle, and Tigray.

One-year discontinuation among users of the contraceptive pill and injection in South East Tigray region, Ethiopia.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the 12 months' discontinuation rate and associated factors among family planning clients using pills and injection.

Methods: A follow-up study was initiated to collect data from 845 family planning users between November 2017 and December 2018. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from participants.

Educational intervention and livestock ownership successfully improved the intake of animal source foods in 6-23 months old children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia: Quasi-experimental study.

Background: Animal source foods (ASFs) are rich in high-quality proteins, including essential amino acids and highly bioavailable micronutrients vital for child growth and cognitive development. But, the daily consumption of ASFs among 6-23 months old children is very low in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention to improve the consumption of ASFs among 6-23 months old children from rural communities with strict religious fasting traditions of avoiding intake of ASFs in Northern Ethiopia.

The influence of fasting on energy and nutrient intake and their corresponding food sources among 6-23 months old children in rural communities with high burden of stunting from Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Limited studies in Ethiopia showed that infants and young children are at high risk of inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. However, inclusive assessment of both nutrient intakes and their food sources are lacking. We aimed at assessing energy and nutrient intakes and their food sources during religious fasting and non-fasting periods among 6-23 months old children in Northern Ethiopia.

Effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets in prevention of malaria among individuals visiting health centres in Ziway-Dugda District, Ethiopia: matched case-control study.

Background: Malaria is a major health problem in Ethiopia. Sleeping under long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is its major control strategy. Despite high LLINs use (84%) in Ziway-Dugda District, malaria remained a public health problem, raising concern on its effectiveness.

Thyrotoxicosis and dilated cardiomyopathy in developing countries.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is the state of thyroid hormone excess. But, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), specifically Northern Ethiopia, scientific evidence about thyrotoxicosis and its cardiac complications like dilated cardiomyopathy is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the thyrotoxicosis presentation and management and identify factors associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in a tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia.

Blood Pressure Control, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Treatment Practice Among Hypertensive Patients in Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, hypertension is the most important public health issue and is a increasing health problem in Ethiopia. Blood pressure (BP) control is an ultimate therapeutic goal of hypertensive patients in reducing early complications of hypertension. Hence, this study was sought to examine the magnitude of uncontrolled BP, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and treatment practice.

Factors associated with treatment initiation delay among new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Delayed treatment initiation of Tuberculosis patients results in increased infectivity, poor treatment outcome, and increased mortality. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the delay in new adult pulmonary Tuberculosis patients to initiate treatment in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess the factors associated with treatment initiation delay among new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Delay in treatment initiation and its association with clinical severity and infectiousness among new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray, northern Ethiopia.

Background: Delayed treatment initiation of tuberculosis (TB) increases disease progression and development of complications which may lead to a higher level of infectiousness, clinical severity and increased mortality. But published evidences that investigated the effect of delayed initiation of treatment on clinical severity and level of infectiousness of pulmonary tuberculosis patients is scarce in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Objective: To investigate the association of delayed treatment initiation of new adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients with clinical severity and level of infectiousness.

Milk-borne bacterial health hazards in milk produced for commercial purpose in Tigray, northern Ethiopia.

Background: Milk being a suitable medium for bacterial growth, it can serve as a source of bacterial contamination. Pathogenic bacteria in milk pose a serious health threat to humans and constitute about 90% of all dairy-related diseases. However, there are few studies that examined the health hazards of raw milk consumption in Ethiopia.

Burden of fatigue among adults living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and devastating Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) - related symptoms, with a varying prevalence in different study areas. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and factors associated with fatigue among HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. This may lead to under-diagnosis and eventually under-management of the symptom.

Correction: Why are animal source foods rarely consumed by 6-23 months old children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia? A qualitative study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Why are animal source foods rarely consumed by 6-23 months old children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia? A qualitative study.

Background: Animal source foods provide high-quality protein and essential micronutrients within the human diet and are of particular significance for the health and development of children. Despite the availability of domestic livestock in rural households of Ethiopia, the diets of children are often monotonous and mainly cereal-based with low energy and nutrient density.

Objective: Explore barriers and facilitators for the consumption of animal source foods among 6-23 months old children from the rural communities of Northern Ethiopia.

Risk factors associated with malaria outbreak in Laelay Adyabo district northern Ethiopia, 2017: case-control study design.

Background: Globally in 2015 about 214 million malaria cases and 438,000 deaths were reported with 75% were from Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is unstable, and outbreaks are considered public health emergencies. Understanding the trigger for outbreaks in low-transmission areas can help facilitate malaria elimination.

Assessment of risk factors for development of active pulmonary tuberculosis in northern part of Ethiopia: a matched case control study.

Background: Understanding the role of various determinants of tuberculosis (TB) is particularly important in countries like Ethiopia where TB is endemic and the resources available to public health intervention are limited However, little information is available on risk factors of TB to be able to effectively and efficiently control TB.

Objective: To identify and determine the potential host and environmental-related risk factors for development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted from April-August 2011.

Population-based prevalence survey of tuberculosis in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Background: Population based prevalence survey is an important epidemiological index to measure the burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitor progress towards TB control in high burden countries like Ethiopia. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Methods: Sixteen rural and urban villages were randomly selected in a stratified multistage cluster sampling.

Treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Monitoring the outcome of tuberculosis treatment and understanding the specific reasons for unsuccessful treatment outcome are important in evaluating the effectiveness of tuberculosis control program. This study investigated tuberculosis treatment outcomes and predictors for unsuccessful treatment outcome in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Methods: Medical records of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients registered from September 2009 to June 2011 in 15 districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia, were reviewed.

Abattoir survey on cattle hydatidosis in Tigray Region of Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted from November 2006 to October 2007 to determine the epidemiology of bovine hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Mekelle Municipal abattoir in Tigray Region of Ethiopia. A one-year long ante and post mortem examination of 4481 cattle slaughtered at the abattoir showed a prevalence of 32.1% (1,439) for hydatidosis.