Term Abdominal Pregnancy with a Live Fetus Incidentally Found During Cesarean Section: A Case Report.

Background: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare but, serious obstetric condition that has continued to pose difficulties in its diagnosis and management. The clinical presentation takes various forms, mostly nonspecific, leading to the delay in diagnosis and management. With a high degree of suspicion, the diagnosis can be made by an abdominal ultrasound particularly in the early trimesters.

Trend of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance among tuberculosis presumptive patients in Central Tigray, Ethiopia; 2018 -2023: a six-year retrospective study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in the developing countries. Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is challenging. However, there are no organized data on the trends of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area.

Review of Asherman syndrome and its hysteroscopic treatment outcomes: experience in a low-resource setting.

Background: Asherman syndrome is one of the endometrial factors that influence a woman's reproductive capacity. However, in our context, it needs to be well-documented. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and hysteroscopic treatment outcomes of Asherman syndrome.

Missed Diagnosis of Perforation and Intraperitoneal Migration of an Intrauterine Device and Its Management in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Report.

Background: The intrauterine device is a popular and highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception. Although generally safe, complications could happen. One of the most serious complications of intrauterine device use is uterine perforation.

Enrollment and clients' satisfaction with a community-based health insurance scheme: a community-based survey in Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Although the Ethiopian government has implemented a community-based health insurance (CBHI) program, community enrollment and clients' satisfaction have not been well investigated in Gondar Zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia. This study assessed CBHI scheme enrollment, clients' satisfaction, and associated factors among households in the district.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey assessed CBHI scheme enrollment and clients' satisfaction among households in Gondar Zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia, from May to June 2022.

Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Its Associations with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in A General Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Hypothyroidism affects 3-5% of all pregnant mothers, making it the most common thyroid disorder associated with pregnancy. Furthermore, it is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy and newborn. Therefore, this research is aimed at determining the magnitude and pregnancy adverse outcomes associated with hypothyroidism among pregnant women having maternity services in a general hospital in Somalia.

Spontaneous Rupture of Uterine Vessels in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy Resulting in Severe Hemoperitoneum and Fetal Death: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum during pregnancy, caused by rupture of uterine vessels, is a rare and dangerous complication that can lead to maternal and foetal death. We presented a case of a 25-year-old primigravid woman with severe abdominal pain, distension, and hemodynamic instability at 33 weeks of gestation. An ultrasound and computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed intraperitoneal fluid collection with a non-viable intrauterine pregnancy.

Chemical and Physical Properties of African Catfish () Fillet Following Prolonged Feeding with Insect Meal-Based Diets.

A 25-week experiment was undertaken to explore the effect of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) with black soldier fly meal () (BS), mealworm meal () (MW), and a 1 : 1 mixture of both insect meals (BSMW) on fillet quality in African catfish (). A total of 96 fish with an average initial body weight of 248 ± 28 g were stocked into a recirculating aquaculture system and fed in four different dietary groups (control, BS, MW, and BSMW). No mortality was recorded in any of the groups.

Phenotypic Drug Resistance Pattern and Mutation Characteristics of from Different Body Fluids Among Extra Pulmonary Patients Presented in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Drug resistance in tuberculosis poses challenges to both the control and prevention of the disease. The extent of resistance is not well known in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine the drug resistance patterns and mutation characteristics of among extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa.

Physiological Response of Grower African Catfish to Dietary Black Soldier Fly and Mealworm Meal.

A six-week experiment was carried out to test the effects of total (100%) and partial (50%) replacement of fish meal in the diet of African catfish growers with black soldier fly (B) meal, yellow mealworm (M) meal, and a 1:1 combination of both (BM) on the production and health of fish. A total of 420 fish with an average initial body weight of 200 ± 0.5 g were randomly distributed in triplicate to seven diet groups (C, B50, B100, M50, M100, BM50, and BM100, respectively).

Effect of contrasting phosphorus levels on nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from temperate grassland soils.

Agricultural practices such as repeated fertilization impact carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and their relationships in the plant-soil continuum, which could have important implications for the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known about the effect of C and N additions under contrasting soil P availability status on nitrous oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions. In this study, we conducted a field-based experiment that investigated the impact of long-term (23 years) P management (no (P0, 0 kg P ha), low (P15, 15 kg P ha) and high (P45, 45 kg P ha) P inputs) on NO and CO emissions following two C + N application events in two managed grassland ecosystems with loam and sandy loam soils.

Knowledge on postnatal care among postpartum mothers during discharge in maternity hospitals in Asmara: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The early postnatal period is a dangerous time for both mother and baby where morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent if proper care is not done. Post natal care (PNC) knowledge has significant role in reducing such complications. In this study, the knowledge of postpartum mothers on PNC and its determinants were determined.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in Adwa district, northern Ethiopia.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection is a great health concern to pregnant women and the developing fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and its associated factors in Adwa district.

Breast cancer clinicopathological presentation, gravity and challenges in Eritrea, East Africa: management practice in a resource-poor setting.

Background: In Africa, breast cancer closely compares with cervical cancer as the most common malignancy affecting women and the incidence rates appear to be rising. Early detection of breast cancer is a key strategy for a good treatment outcome. However, there is no established protocol or guideline for management of breast cancer in Eritrea, East Africa.

Evaluating indoor residual spray for reducing malaria infection prevalence in Eritrea: results from a community randomized control trial.

This paper examines the relationship between indoor residual spray (IRS) and malaria parasite infection in Gash Barka Zone, Eritrea, an area with near universal coverage of insecticide treated bednets (ITN) and already low malaria parasite prevalence. A community randomized control trial was conducted in 2009. Malaria parasite infection prevalence was 0.

Prevalence of tobacco use in Eritrea: results from a noncommunicable disease risk factor survey.

The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in Eritrea is increasing. Tobacco use is a recognized risk factor for most of these diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. No data have been published on tobacco use in Eritrea.

Roll back malaria--an African success story in Eritrea.

Background: High morbidity and mortality from malaria in Africa prompted the Abuja Declaration by African Heads of State in 2000. The goal set in the declaration for 2010 was to reduce malaria mortality by 50%. Countries were therefore expected to ensure that 60% of people suffering from malaria had access to treatment, that 60% of those at risk received intermittent prophylaxis, and that 60% of people in high-risk groups were using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by 2005.

A steep decline of malaria morbidity and mortality trends in Eritrea between 2000 and 2004: the effect of combination of control methods.

Background: Malaria is a huge public health problem in Africa that is responsible for more than one million deaths annually. In line with the Roll Back Malaria initiative and the Abuja Declaration, Eritrea and other African countries have intensified their fight against malaria. This study examines the impact of Eritrea's Roll Back Malaria Programme: 2000-2004 and the effects and possible interactions between the public health interventions in use.

Continuing communicable disease burden in Eritrea.

Background And Methods: A retrospective study of the national health profile of Eritreans, focusing on acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI), tuberculosis (TB), diarrhoea, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS, was done on data from 1998 to 2003 through a health information management system. Records were included for patients of all ages receiving outpatient and inpatient hospital services during the study period. All incidence rates were given as cases per 100,000 population.

The prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with obesity: results from a national blood pressure survey in Eritrea.

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been shown to be on the increase in Africa based on hospital-based information and limited national surveys. A recent report on analysis of data from Health Information Management Systems (HIMS) highlighted an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Eritrea, with the incidence of hypertension doubling in a space of 6 years. HMIS data are only a proxy of national prevalence rates, necessitating the conduct of national surveys.

Tobacco smoke control of mucin production in lung cells requires oxygen radicals AP-1 and JNK.

In smokers' lungs, excessive mucus clogs small airways, impairing respiration and promoting recurrent infection. A breakthrough in understanding this pathology was the realization that smoke could directly stimulate mucin synthesis in lung epithelial cells and that this phenomenon was dependent on the cell surface receptor for epidermal growth factor, EGFR. Distal steps in the smoke-triggered pathway have not yet been determined.

Ah-receptor-dependent modulation of gene expression by aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke.

Cigarette smoke is known to induce cytochrome P4501A1 expression and activity in a variety of species. Although the elevation of this isozyme is assumed to be associated with the activation of the CYP1A1 gene through a ligand-mediated mechanism involving the Ah-receptor (AhR), this has not been determined. In this study we have examined the mechanism by which an ambient level of aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke (ADSS) induces cytochrome P4501A1.