Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion influence on systemic oxygen homeostasis and erythropoiesis in Wistar rats.

Background And Purpose: Systemic hypoxia is a common complication in stroke patients and may exacerbate ischemic brain damage. Expression of the hypoxia-inducible cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) is upregulated in the brain in both stroke patients and in animal stroke models and exerts local neuroprotective effects in the ischemic brain. Epo is also well known to stimulate red blood cell (RBC) production.

Phosphate addition to hemodiafiltration solutions during continuous renal replacement therapy.

Objective: Hypophosphatemia often occurs during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The addition of phosphate to dialysate and replacement solutions facilitates phosphate handling, but the risk of precipitation with calcium within these solutions has not been addressed.

Design And Setting: Experimental study with a retrospective observational study in a medico-surgical intensive care unit.

Solute clearances during continuous venovenous haemofiltration at various ultrafiltration flow rates using Multiflow-100 and HF1000 filters.

Background: In continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH), high ultrafiltration rates provide survival benefits in acute renal failure. This study measured clearances obtained at ultrafiltration rates of up to 4.5 l/h.

Temporal effects of left versus right middle cerebral artery occlusion on spleen lymphocyte subsets and mitogenic response in Wistar rats.

The left and right neocortex of the brain has been shown to exert asymmetrical effects on the immune system. In the present study, we used a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in Wistar rats to analyze the influence of unilateral CNS ischemia on spleen cell number and function. The occlusion time was 1 h, followed by reperfusion with survival for 0, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days.

Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and to compare the effects of simultaneous angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) inhibition by the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat (1 mg. kg(-1).

Folic acid and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate losses during high-efficiency hemodialysis in patients without hydrosoluble vitamin supplementation.

Objectives: To determine the serum status in folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the active moiety of pyridoxine), cobalamin, and total homocysteine of chronic dialysis patients not routinely supplemented with B-complex vitamins and to evaluate induced intradialytic losses during high-efficiency hemodialysis.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: A university medical center providing tertiary care.

Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins.

Background: High-efficiency hemodialysis may induce a deficiency in hydrosoluble vitamins. Supplementation with B-complex vitamins has been shown to lower serum homocysteine concentrations in several groups, but relatively few studies have concerned hemodialysis patients. Our objectives were to determine the status in B-complex vitamins in a large cohort of unsupplemented hemodialysis patients and to assess the effects of supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins on serum homocysteine over one year.

Serum metabolism of bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin in patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema.

Angioedema (AE) associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse reaction. Several studies have suggested that bradykinin (BK) is responsible for ACEi-induced AE, but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the metabolism of BK and des-Arg9-BK in the serum of 20 patients with a history of ACEi-associated AE and 21 control (C) subjects.

Myoglobin clearance and removal during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

Myoglobin has a relatively high molecular weight of 17,000 Da and is poorly cleared by dialysis (diffusion). However, elimination of myoglobin might be enhanced by an epuration modality based on convection for solute clearances. We present a single case of myoglobin-induced renal failure (peak creatine kinase level: 313,500 IU/l) treated by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Diffusive and convective solute clearances during continuous renal replacement therapy at various dialysate and ultrafiltration flow rates.

Clearances of several solutes (urea, creatinine, phosphate, urates, beta(2)-microglobulin [beta(2)-M]) were measured during venovenous continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) at various ultrafiltration (Q(UF); 0 to 2 L/h) and dialysate flow rates (Q(D); 0 to 2.5 L/h). Preset Multiflow-60 and Multiflow-100 hollow-fiber dialysers (M-60 and M-100; Hospal-Gambro, St-Leonard, Canada) were compared (five patients for each type).

Serum concentrations and clearances of folic acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate during venovenous continuous renal replacement therapy.

Objective: To determine to what extent hydrosoluble vitamins are removed by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT); to evaluate clearances, removal rates, and evolution of serum concentrations of folic acid and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P-5'-P), the active moiety of vitamin B6 during CRRT.

Design: A prospective, non-interventional, descriptive study on vitamin losses induced by CRRT.

Setting: Medical and surgical intensive care units in a tertiary university-affiliated hospital.

Role of plasma protein binding on renal metabolism and dynamics of furosemide in the rabbit.

To investigate the influence of furosemide plasma protein binding on its kinetics and dynamics, the kinetics of furosemide was studied in the presence of a protein binding displacer, warfarin, and in hypoalbuminemic rabbits. Compared with controls, in anesthetized rabbits pretreated with warfarin, the unbound fraction of furosemide increased from 1.8 +/- 0.

Catabolism in critical illness: estimation from urea nitrogen appearance and creatinine production during continuous renal replacement therapy.

Thirty-eight intensive care unit (ICU) patients (26 men and 12 women with a mean age of 57.0 +/- 16.6 years) with acute renal failure (ARF) treated by venovenous continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were evaluated while in relatively steady metabolic control.

Performance of the new plasma-compatible Advantage blood glucose test strips.

Objective: To establish a plasma calibration curve for the Advantage Blood Glucose System that would permit direct comparison with results provided by clinical laboratories.

Design And Methods: The initial study involved the comparison between the Advantage whole blood referenced results and the laboratory plasma results. The second study validated the plasma-compatibility of the first new lot of Advantage test strips with this new calibration curve.

The influence of moderate hypoalbuminaemia on the renal metabolism and dynamics of furosemide in the rabbit.

1. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of hypoalbuminaemia on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide. Hypoalbuminaemia was produced by repeated plasmapheresis, to attain plasma albumin concentrations of 21.

Lithium poisoning treated by high-performance continuous arteriovenous and venovenous hemodiafiltration.

Intermittent hemodialysis is considered the modality of choice when enhanced lithium removal is indicated. However, postdialysis rebound in serum lithium concentration is frequently observed after the dialysis sessions and results from incomplete intracellular removal. Continuous renal replacement therapy could provide a more gradual and complete lithium removal since it is performed over longer time periods, thus avoiding rebound following therapy.

High dialysate flow rate continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis: a new approach for the treatment of acute renal failure and tumor lysis syndrome.

A continuous dialysis technique such as continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD) could be an interesting alternative to frequent intermittent hemodialysis to treat acute renal failure (ARF) secondary to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). However, because of massive release of intracellular solutes in TLS, CAVHD clearances need to be increased to treat this syndrome. Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis using a high dialysate flow rate at 4 L/hr was assessed in TLS and ARF associated with severe hyperphosphatemia.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a slow-release formulation of diltiazem after the administration of a single and repeated doses to healthy volunteers.

Diltiazem is a calcium antagonist used in angina pectoris and hypertension. There is little information concerning the slow-release (SR) formulation in the literature. The pharmacokinetics of diltiazem SR (120 mg) have been assessed over a 36h period in healthy volunteers after single- (SD) and multiple-dose (MD) administrations.

Solute clearances with high dialysate flow rates and glucose absorption from the dialysate in continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high inlet dialysate flow rates (IDFR) on the clearances of urea and creatinine and to measure the absorption of glucose through the dialyzer in continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD). Ten anuric acute renal failure patients in the intensive care unit were studied. Increasing the IDFR from 0 to 33.