IL-17A mediates pyroptosis via the ERK pathway and contributes to steroid resistance in CRSwNP.

Background: Pyroptosis is closely related to inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathologic contributions of pyroptotic epithelial cell are not yet fully understood.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanisms of IL-17A on human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) pyroptosis.

Interleukin-17A Expression Correlated with the Prognosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and the Anti-Interleukin-17A Effect in a Murine Nasal Polyps Model.

Objective: To investigate the expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to analyze its effect on prognosis and to explore the role and mechanism of anti-IL-17A effect in vivo by establishing a murine nasal polyps (NP) model.

Methods: Patients with CRSwNP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and matched control subjects were collected. We investigated IL-17A expression in human NP tissues using immunohistochemistry and analyzed their clinical features, including Lund-Mackay computed tomography scoring (LMCS) before surgery, Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring (LKES) before surgery (LKES B), LKES 6 months after surgery (LKES A), and reduction of LKES (LKES R).

Budesonide nasal irrigation improved Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score of chronic rhinosinusitis patients after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Purpose: Budesonide improves the prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, few reports have examined whether its use for nasal irrigation, compared to normal saline, improves the prognosis of patients after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We compared the effects of nasal irrigation with budesonide and normal saline in CRS patients after ESS.

Comparative Study of Recessive Spherical Headed Silicone Intubation and Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy under Nasal Endoscopy for Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Between July 2014 and November 2015, we compared the curative effects and cost-effectiveness of two kinds of nasal endoscopic surgery for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in a single-centre, two-armed clinical trial with a 1-year follow-up. We included two groups: a recessive spherical headed silicone intubation (RSHSI) group and an endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) group; both received nasal endoscopy. Patients were recruited from the Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology departments.

Vγ1⁺ γδT Cells Are Correlated With Increasing Expression of Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Metalloproteinase-7 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Inducing the Formation of Edema.

Purpose: We have found that expression of γδT cells is increased in pathological mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with normal nasal mucosa. This increase is correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils in CRSwNP. Here, we investigated the expression of γδT cells, inflammation and tissue remodeling factors as well as their probable relationships in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in China.

CD4(+)T-lymphocyte subsets in nonobese children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: To characterize the distribution of both tonsillar and circulating CD4(+)T-lymphocyte subsets, and to explore their clinical relevance in nonobese children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: A total of 53 children who underwent tonsillectomy for either OSAS (n = 25) or primary snoring (PS, n = 28) were prospectively enrolled. Nineteen healthy children without any symptoms were recruited as controls.

Management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary site to the head and neck (Review).

Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is an intriguing clinical phenomenon found in ~3-9% of all head and neck cancers. It has not yet been determined whether CUP forms a distinct biological entity with specific genetic and phenotypic characteristics, or whether it is the clinical presentation of metastasis in patients with an undetected primary tumor and no visible clinical signs. The treatment of patients with cervical lymph node metastases from CUP remains controversial, due to the lack of randomized clinical trials comparing different treatment options.

Survival study and clinicopathological evaluation of trichilemmal carcinoma.

Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignancy, commonly located on the scalp, forehead and neck, trunk or the upper extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of TC, and to determine an optimal treatment strategy for these patients. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 1998 and 2012 were included in this retrospective study.

Proteomic analysis reveals that Adh1p is involved in a synergistic fluconazole and tetrandrine mechanism against Candida albicans.

We previously showed that Adh1p participates in fluconazole (FLC) resistance in Candida albicans through a mechanism that may involve efflux pumps. We also found that the concomitant use of tetrandrine (TET) and FLC provided a synergistic action against C. albicans and that the mechanism of action could be related to inhibition of a drug efflux system.

[Expression of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells, treg cells and cytokines IL-17 and TGF-beta1 in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To investigate the expression of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells/CD4 CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg) and cytokines interleukin 17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: From March 2012 to July 2012, 32 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and 20 healthy control subjects (control group) were collected. The expression of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells/Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry and the levels of IL-17 and TGF-beta1 were evaluated by ELISA.

[γδ T cell expression and significance in chronic rhinosinusitis].

Objective: To explore the expression of γδ T cells in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its potential significance in pathogenesis.

Methods: γδ T cell expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (Envision method). From polyps (25 CRS patients with nasal polyps, CRSwNP), inferior turbinate mucosa (13 CRS patients without nasal polyps, CRSsNP), and 16 inferior turbinate mucosa from patients with deviation of nasal septum served as control.

[Radiobiological characteristics and MRN complex expression of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines].

Objective: To study the radiobiological characteristic of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2 and the changes in expression MRN (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) complex in the cell lines exposed to irradiation.

Methods: CNE1 and CNE2 were irradiated by a linear accelerator. Radiobiological characteristics were detected by colony assay and MTT assay.

The therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic optic nerve decompression and its effects on the prognoses of 96 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Background: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe loss of vision due to blunt or penetrating head trauma. The pathogenesis of TON remains unclear, and there are several potential causes for the observed loss in vision. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) has been reported to improve the visual prognosis in TON cases, but its efficacy remains controversial.

[Distribution and clonality of T cell receptor Vγ and Vδ subfamily in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after immunotherapy].

Objective: To investigate the distribution and clonality of T cell receptor (TCR) Vγ and Vδ subfamily in peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment with immunotherapy.

Methods: The specific IgE and the complementary determinant region 3 (CDR3) of TCR V γ (I-III) and Vδ(1-8) subfamily genes in mononuclear cells were amplified from 10 effective cases of allergic rhinitis before and after 1 year treatment with immunotherapy, to observe the distribution and utilization of TCR Vγ and Vδ repertoire. The positive PCR products were further labeled with RT-PCR and analyzed by gene scan technique to determine the CDR3 size and evaluate the clonality of the detectable TCR Vγ and Vδ T cells.

[Vertigo due to enlarged vestibule with lateral semicircular canal dysplasia: an analysis of clinical characteristics].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and possible pathological mechanisms of vertigo due to enlarged vestibule with lateral semicircular canal dysplasia.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for 5 cases of peripheral vertigo due to enlarged vestibule with lateral semicircular canal dysplasia. Their characteristics of medical history, precipitating factors, course of vertigo, auditory tests, vestibular tests and imaging examine results were analyzed.

Evaluation of traumatic optic neuropathy in patients with optic canal fracture using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary report.

Objective: To investigate the role of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) in the evaluation of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).

Methods: Six patients with TON underwent DT-MRI prior to decompression surgery. DTV 2 and Volume One 1.

Synergistic effects of tetrandrine on the antifungal activity of topical ketoconazole cream in the treatment of dermatophytoses: a clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effects of tetrandrine (TET) on the antifungal activity of topical ketoconazole (KCZ) in the treatment of dermatophytoses.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for KCZ and combined KCZ and TET were compared in vitro. A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted among 97 patients with dermatophytoses who were assigned to 3 groups and received: treatment with combination of 2% KZC and 2% TET cream (KCZ + TET group), or only 2% KZC cream (KCZ group), or 2% TET cream (TET group).

Reduced E-cadherin expression is associated with lymph node metastases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the expression of E-cadherin and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods: Sixty-four patients who had previously undergone complete resection of tumor for LSCC were studied retrospectively. The level of E-cadherin expression in tumor tissues and paired nontumor tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.

[Endoscopic endonasal anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa: comparison of endoscopic and radiological landmarks].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and reliability of the measurement of critical anatomic landmarks of endoscopic endonasal anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa using multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), and to illustrate the spatial relationship of the surgical landmarks in pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa through an endoscopic endonasal view and radiological images.

Methods: Included in this study were eleven fixed cadaver heads (22 pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa), which were prepared from MSCT scans for establishing a spatial coordinates system to calculate the radiological anatomic data and attaining 3D reconstruction image, and also were anatomically dissected to get anatomic data. The anatomic data in two groups were compared, the endoscopic and radiological images of the same regions acquired during the endoscopic endonasal approaches observed.

[Clinical research on the quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To explore the quality of life (QOL) outcome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods: A prospective trial was conducted to survey the QOL status of 101 AR patients, in contrast to that of 121 healthy individuals and 97 chronic pharyngitis (CP) patients by generic questionnaire medical outcomes study short-form 36-items health survey (SF-36), and to survey the most troublesome problems of AR patients by disease-specific questionnaire rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ). The correlation between SF-36 and RQLQ had also been analyzed.

[Regulation of NF-κB signal transduction pathway on cytokines in cultured nasal epithelium].

Objective: To explore the activation and regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) on transcription of cytokines in cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nasal epithelial cells.

Methods: Normal sphenoid mucosa epithelium from 11 patients who accepted pituitary tumor surgery via trans-sphenoid approach was separated and cultured without serum. The epithelium of the third or the forth passage was induced with LPS.

[The clinical characteristics of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo associated with Meniere's disease].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) associated with Meniere's disease (MD) in retrospect in an effort to improve the diagnosis and efficacy of treatment.

Method: Fifteen cases (1 male and 14 female, aged 46 to 68 years old) of BPPV associated with MD from July 2007 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient clinically characterized with positional paroxysmal vertigo were diagnosed as MD by ECochG and glycerol test and were confirmed as BPPV associated with MD by Dix Hallpike test or roll test.

Outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Objectives: We evaluated the outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children using polysomnography (PSG) data and a quality-of-life (QOL) instrument.

Methods: We enrolled children (4 to 14 years of age) who had OSAS diagnosed by overnight PSG and who underwent both adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy between January 2003 and February 2008. All of them had completed postoperative PSG and a paired Obstructive Sleep Apnea 18-Item Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (OSA-18) survey.