SerpinB3/B4 Abates Epithelial Cell-Derived CXCL8/IL-8 Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Background: Serine proteinase inhibitors, clade B, member 3 (SerpinB3) and B4 are highly similar in amino acid sequences and associated with inflammation regulation. We investigated SerpinB3 and B4 expression and their roles in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Methods: The expression of SerpinB3 and B4 in nasal mucosa tissues, brush cells, and secretions from CRSwNP patients was measured, and their regulation by inflammatory cytokines were investigated.

MicroRNA-21-5p promotes mucosal type 2 inflammation via regulating GLP1R/IL-33 signaling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: It has been known that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a type 2 inflammation-dominated disease; however, the reasons causing such type of mucosal inflammation in CRSwNP are not well elucidated.

Objective: We sought to investigate the role of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) in regulating mucosal type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP.

Methods: miR-21-5p expression was detected in nasal mucosa of patients with CRSwNP.

Regulatory network identified by pulmonary transcriptome and proteome profiling reveals extensive change of tumor-related genes in microRNA-21 knockout mice.

Purpose: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a well-known oncomiR and plays key roles in regulating various biological processes related to pulmonary diseases, especially lung carcinoma. The regulatory roles and downstream targets of miR-21 remain far from well understood. We aimed to identify miR-21-gene regulatory network in lung tissue.

Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling reveals dysregulated miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: The precise mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of different subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are still unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. This study aimed to identify the dysregulated microRNA-messenger RNA (miRNA-mRNA) regulatory networks in eosinophilic (E) and non-eosinophilic (non-E) CRSwNP.

Reduced Expression of Antimicrobial Protein Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor and Clusterin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) constitute the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms in the airway. The association between AMPs and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) requires further investigations. This study is aimed at investigating the expression and regulation of major dysregulated AMPs in the nasal mucosa of CRSwNP.

Distinct expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 correlates with endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells. However, the association between SARS-CoV-2 and nasal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has not been investigated. We thus investigated the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in nasal tissues of CRSwNP patients, and their associations with inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP.

Distinct type 2-high inflammation associated molecular signatures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with comorbid asthma.

Background: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and comorbid asthma have more severe disease and are difficult to treat. However, the molecular endotypes associated with CRSwNP with comorbid asthma (CRSwNP + AS) are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of type 2 inflammation and the molecular signatures associated with CRSwNP + AS.

A Trp-574-Leu mutation in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of Lithospermum arvense L. confers broad-spectrum resistance to ALS inhibitors.

Lithospermum arvense is a troublesome dicotyledonous winter annual weed of wheat in China. A L. arvense population (HN01) suspected of being resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors was found in Henan Province, China.

Trp-1999-Ser mutation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and cytochrome P450s-involved metabolism confer resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Polypogon fugax.

Background: Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.) is an invasive grass species severely infesting wheat and canola fields in China. In May 2017, a suspected resistant P.

MicroRNAs regulating mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways in nasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Northern China.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent sinonasal mucosa inflammatory disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP in Northern China remain unknown.

Methods: A miRCURY™ LNA Array was used to analyze miRNA profiles in nasal mucosa tissues of CRSwNP patients (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 10).

Target site mutations and cytochrome P450s confer resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl in Alopecurus aequalis.

Background: Shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) is a competitive grass weed infesting winter wheat- and canola-growing fields in China. In May 2016, a suspected A.

[Kapok capsule formation and fiber development process in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley].

This study explored the capsule formation and fiber development process of kapok which is a tree in Yuanjiang dry-hot valleys (DHV) using the methods of paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that formation process of kapok capsule can be divided into four stages: the capsule formation within 5 days after anthesis (DAA), the capsule mass period from 5 to 35 DAA, the capsule dehydration period from 35 to 50 DAA, and the capsule bursting period after 50 DAA. The kapok fiber was developed via endocarp cells differentiation (0-2 DAA), swelling (2-5 DAA), bulging (5-10 DAA), fiber elongating (10-40 DAA), and divorcing from pericarp (40-50 DAA).