High-temperature field-free superconducting diode effect in high-T cuprates.

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is defined by the difference in the magnitude of critical currents applied in opposite directions. It has been observed in various superconducting systems and attracted high research interests. However, the operating temperature of the SDE is typically low and/or the sample structure is rather complex.

Simulated Microgravity can Promote the Apoptosis and Change Inflammatory State of Kupffer Cells.

Objective: In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome sequences of Kupffer cells exposed to simulated microgravity for 3 d and conducted biological experiments to determine how microgravity initiates apoptosis in Kupffer cells.

Methods: Rotary cell culture system was used to construct a simulated microgravity model. GO and KEGG analyses were conducted using the DAVID database.

Identification of α-tubulin alpha-1B chain as a target of asiatic acid using chemical proteomics in HepG2 hepatoma cells.

Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene isolated from and has various biological effects, most notably anticancer effects. While numerous investigations have demonstrated the possible mechanism underlying AA's anticancer action, the precise protein target of AA remains unclear. In this study, the protein target of AA in HepG2 hepatoma cells was identified using the ABPP-based chemoproteomic approach.

New insights into the intestinal barrier through "gut-organ" axes and a glimpse of the microgravity's effects on intestinal barrier.

Gut serves as the largest interface between humans and the environment, playing a crucial role in nutrient absorption and protection against harmful substances. The intestinal barrier acts as the initial defense mechanism against non-specific infections, with its integrity directly impacting the homeostasis and health of the human body. The primary factor attributed to the impairment of the intestinal barrier in previous studies has always centered on the gastrointestinal tract itself.

Loureirin B Ameliorates Glycolipid Metabolism Disorders in Ob/ob Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Levels and Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition.

Loureirin B (LB), an active component of Resina Draconis, exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects; however, its mode of action remains unclear. Here, ob/ob mice were utilized to investigate the effects of LB on the regulation of glucolipid metabolism disorders. Non-targeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were performed to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved.

Exploring lead uptake, transport mechanisms in roots of different Sedum alfredii ecotypes as a way of enhancing its hyperaccumulative capacity.

Lead (Pb) contamination poses an extensive environmental challenge. Sedum alfredii, as a Zn/Cd co-hyperaccumulator, also exhibits a considerable capability for Pb tolerance and accumulation, which has great potential for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil. However, the mechanisms of Pb uptake and accumulation in Sedum alfredii roots remain opaque.

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus infection triggers phloem remobilization of iron- and zinc-nicotianamine in citrus.

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is a worldwide and highly destructive disease of citrus, but the mechanisms involved in CYVCV-inhibited plant growth are not well understood. This study examined nutrient levels and their cellular distribution in different organs of healthy and CYVCV-affected citrus (Citrus reticulata 'Kanpei') plants. We found that CYVCV-infected plants exhibit characteristic symptoms, including a significant reduction in iron (Fe) and other elemental nutrients in the shoots.

Integration of multi-level semantics in PTMs with an attention model for question matching.

The task of question matching/retrieval focuses on determining whether two questions are semantically equivalent. It has garnered significant attention in the field of natural language processing (NLP) due to its commercial value. While neural network models have made great strides and achieved human-level accuracy, they still face challenges when handling complex scenarios.

Multi-dimensional optical information acquisition based on a misaligned unipolar barrier photodetector.

Acquiring multi-dimensional optical information, such as intensity, spectrum, polarization, and phase, can significantly enhance the performance of photodetectors. Incorporating these dimensions allows for improved image contrast, enhanced recognition capabilities, reduced interference, and better adaptation to complex environments. However, the challenge lies in obtaining these dimensions on a single photodetector.

Improving Computer-aided Detection for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis by Incorporating Temporal Change.

Purpose To develop a deep learning algorithm that uses temporal information to improve the performance of a previously published framework of cancer lesion detection for digital breast tomosynthesis. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed the current and the 1-year-prior Hologic digital breast tomosynthesis screening examinations from eight different institutions between 2016 and 2020. The dataset contained 973 cancer and 7123 noncancer cases.

Drives Sulfur-Related Microbiota in Enhancing Growth of Hyperaccumulator and Facilitating Soil Cadmium Remediation.

Endophytic fungus can bolster plant growth and confer protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, reshaped rhizosphere microecology interactions and root-soil interface processes in situ at the submicrometer scale remain poorly understood. We combined amplicon sequencing and high-resolution nano X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) imaging of the root-soil interface to reveal cadmium (Cd) rhizosphere processes.

Enzyme-free method for preparation of sturgeon extracts with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing functions.

Sturgeon has a long lifespan and slow evolutionary rate due to their powerful endogenous antioxidant system. This work aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of sturgeon extracts from both muscle and roe. The extraction process without enzyme hydrolysis is not only simple, but also can produce extracts with better free radicals scavenging abilities than enzymatic hydrolysates in both cellular and in vivo experiments.

Targeting NAD Metabolism: Rational Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of NAMPT/PARP1 Dual-Target Inhibitors as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents.

The malignancy of breast cancer poses a global challenge, with existing treatments often falling short of desired efficacy. Extensive research has underscored the effectiveness of targeting the metabolism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a pivotal molecule crucial for cancer cell survival and growth, as a promising anticancer strategy. Within mammalian cells, sustaining optimal NAD concentrations relies on two key enzymes, namely nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymer 1 (PARP1).

Turning Waste into Wealth: A Potent Sono-Immune Strategy Based on Microcystis.

Currently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has limited therapeutic outcomes and immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced strategies that can stimulate robust and long-lasting antitumor effects. Microcystis, a notorious microalga, reveals the possibility of mediating SDT owing to the presence of gas vesicles (GVs) and phycocyanin (PC). Herein, a nontoxic strain of Microcystis elabens (labeled Me) is developed as a novel agent for SDT because it generates O under red light (RL) illumination, while GVs and PC act as cavitation nuclei and sonosensitizers, respectively.

Establishing a course to train ICU nurses on prone position mechanical ventilation: A Delphi study.

Aim: To develop a comprehensive training course for training ICU nurses in prone positioning.

Design: A mixed study combining semi-structured interviews and two rounds of Delphi surveys.

Methods: We constructed a questionnaire after collecting data through a literature review and semi-structured interviews.

Potential decoupling of CO and Hg uptake process by global vegetation in the 21st century.

Mercury (Hg), a potent neurotoxin posing risks to human health, is cycled through vegetation uptake, which is susceptible to climate change impacts. However, the extent and pattern of these impacts are largely unknown, obstructing predictions of Hg's fate in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the effects of climate change on vegetation elemental Hg [Hg(0)] uptake using a state-of-the-art global terrestrial Hg model (CLM5-Hg) that incorporates plant physiology.

The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally, is significantly influenced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in its initiation and progression. While conventional chemotherapy, the standard clinical treatment, suffers from significant drawbacks like severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited prognostic efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a promising alternative. TCM employs a multi-targeted therapeutic approach, which results in fewer side effects and offers a high potential for effective treatment.

Magnesium implants with alternating magnetic field-enhanced hydrogen release and proton depletion for anti-infection treatment and tissue repair.

Implant-related osteomyelitis is a formidable hurdle in the clinical setting and is characterized by inflammation, infection, and consequential bone destruction. Therefore, effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, bacterial killing, and subsequent bone tissue repair are urgently needed for the treatment of difficult-to-heal osteomyelitis. Herein, we utilized the eddy-thermal effect of magnesium (Mg) implants under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) for the controlled release of H gas and ions (OH and Mg) for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Picein alleviates oxidative stress and promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect by inhibiting ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway.

Osteoporosis (OP) can result in slower bone regeneration than the normal condition due to abnormal oxidative stress and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a condition detrimental for bone formation, making the OP-related bone healing a significant clinical challenge. As the osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is closely related to bone regeneration; currently, this study assessed the effects of Picein on BMSCs in vitro and bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone defect in vivo. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.

Gas-Amplified Metalloimmunotherapy with Dual Activation of Pyroptosis and the STING Pathway for Remodeling the Immunosuppressive Cervical Cancer Microenvironment.

The immunosuppressive microenvironment of cervical cancer significantly hampers the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Herein, PEGylated manganese-doped calcium sulfide nanoparticles (MCSP) were developed to effectively enhance the antitumor immune response of the cervical cancer through gas-amplified metalloimmunotherapy with dual activation of pyroptosis and STING pathway. The bioactive MCSP exhibited the ability to rapidly release Ca, Mn, and HS in response to the tumor microenvironment.

The effects of microgravity on stem cells and the new insights it brings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques may undergo modifications in the future, as life scientists have widely acknowledged the ability of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems to accurately simulate in vivo biology. In recent years, researchers have discovered that microgravity devices can address many challenges associated with 3D cell culture. Stem cells, being pluripotent cells, are regarded as a promising resource for regenerative medicine.

Direct Imaging of Protein Clusters in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Protein@metal-organic frameworks (P@MOFs) prepared by coprecipitation of protein, metal ions, and organic ligands represent an effective method for protein stabilization with a wide spectrum of applications. However, the formation mechanism of P@MOFs via the coprecipitation process and the reason why proteins can retain their biological activity in the frameworks with highly concentrated metal ions remain unsettled. Here, by a combined methodology of single molecule localization microscopy and clustering analysis, we discovered that in this process enzyme molecules form clusters with metal ions and organic ligands, contributing to both the nucleation and subsequent crystal growth.

Absorbable calcium and phosphorus bioactive membranes promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation for bone regeneration.

Large segmental bone defects are commonly operated with autologous bone grafting, which has limited bone sources and poses additional surgical risks. In this study, we fabricated poly(lactide--glycolic acid) (PLGA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite membranes by electrostatic spinning and further promoted osteogenesis by regulating the release of β-TCP in the hope of replacing autologous bone grafts in the clinical practice. The addition of β-TCP improved the mechanical strength of PLGA by 2.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0005519 contributes to acute kidney injury via sponging microRNA-98-5p.

Background: This study intends to explore the role and molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0005519 in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: We conducted reverse transcription-qPCR for human serum to determine levels of hsa_circ_0005519 in AKI patients and healthy controls. Hsa_circ_0005519 was inhibited for expression in HK-2 cells using specific siRNAs.