Efficacy of intrathecal administration of liposomal amphotericin B combined with voriconazole in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis.

Meningitis is one of the most fatal manifestations of cryptococcosis, even with specific treatment. Combination of a prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy are critical to reduce the fungal load and the inflammatory response effects of the proliferation of yeast into the central nervous system (CNS). Mice with experimental acute meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans were treated with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) administered intrathecally (i.

Cryptococcuria as manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis: Staib agar as a selective identification medium.

We conducted a retrospective study of 58 cases of cryptococcosis (1986-2008) with urine test positive for Cryptococcus sp, in Mycology Laboratory, Santa Casa-Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The diagnosis of cryptococcuria was based on microscopic examination and culture of urinary sediment. Cryptococcus was isolated from other clinical specimens such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, ascitic and pleural fluids, respiratory secretions, biopsies of skin, nasal and bone marrow.

Unusual morphologies of Cryptococcus spp. in tissue specimens: report of 10 cases.

Ten cases of cryptococcosis due to unusual microscopic forms of Cryptococcus sp. observed over a twenty-eight year period (1981-2009) are presented. The most important clinicopathological and laboratory data are tabulated.

[Perineural spread by fungal cells. Case report and literature review].

The perineural spread by fungal cells during the progression of the infection could be an important prognostic factor, especially in mycoses localized in the rhino-orbito-cerebral and pulmonary areas. We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old male, with diabetes and acute myelomonocytic leukaemia that began with tumefaction on the left side of his face, spreading to the sinus with invasion of the soft tissues and fistulae in the oral cavity. Clinical examination showed cerebral involvement.

Chapter 3--pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by two species of the encapsulated basidiomycetes, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, which, respectively, cause infection in immunocompromised individuals and in immunologically normal hosts. Patients with T-cell deficiencies are more susceptible to this infection.

Histopathology, serology and cultures in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 13 cases of cryptococcal infection based on histopathology, serology and cultures. Epidemiological analysis, histochemical techniques of hematoxilin and eosin (HE) and Grocot's silver (GMS), as well special histochemical techniques such as Mayer's mucicarmine (MM) and Fontana-Masson (FM), cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) and isolation on fungal media: Sabouraud's (SAB), brain-heart infusion agar (BHI) and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar were analyzed.

Cryptococcosis in children.

Cryptococcosis is a systemic-opportunistic mycosis caused by two species of the encapsulated yeast-like organism, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, which cause infection in immunocompromised individuals and in immunologically normal hosts, respectively. Most susceptible to infection are patients with T-cell deficiencies.

Atypical micromorphology and uncommon location of cryptococcosis: a histopathologic study using special histochemical techniques (one case report).

Here we report an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with AIDS. Although typical Cryptococcus neoformans micromorphology was observed in tongue biopsy, cervical lymph node examination revealed atypical histopathologic findings. These included pseudohyphae, chains of budding yeasts and structures resembling germ tubes.

Frontomaxillary facial angle in screening for trisomy 21 at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks.

Objective: Trisomy 21 is associated with a flat face, which can now be quantified by measurement of the frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle. The aim of this study was to examine whether in trisomy 21 fetuses fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and maternal serum free ss-human chorionic gonadotropin (ss-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) are independent of the FMF angle, and to estimate the performance of a first-trimester screening test for trisomy 21 that includes measurement of the FMF angle.

Methods: This was a prospective study in singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in which three-dimensional volumes of the fetal head were obtained and measurement of the FMF angle performed immediately before fetal karyotyping by chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

A mixture model of nuchal translucency thickness in screening for chromosomal defects.

Objective: Fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness increases with crown-rump length (CRL). In screening for chromosomal defects patient-specific risks are derived by multiplying the a priori maternal age-related risk by a likelihood ratio, determined from the deviation of the measured NT from the expected median. To quantify this deviation the measured NT is either subtracted (delta NT) or divided by the expected median (multiple of the median method, MoM).

[Histopathological techniques for diagnosing cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus: case report].

A case of cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus is presented, in which culturing of the clinical specimen and tests for capsular antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were negative. The histopathological techniques evaluated were hematoxylin-eosin, Grocott methenamine silver, Mayers mucicarmine and Fontana-Masson. The diagnosis of cryptococcosis due to capsule-deficient Cryptococcus was confirmed by means of the Fontana-Masson technique and by direct immunofluorescence.

Discordance in nuchal translucency thickness in the prediction of severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Objective: To examine in monochorionic pregnancies the possible value of intertwin discordance in nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in the prediction of early fetal death or severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods: In 512 monochorionic twin pregnancies NT was measured at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation and regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the association between the intertwin discordance in NT and subsequent early fetal death or development of severe TTTS requiring endoscopic laser surgery.

Results: In 412 (80.

Antepartum management and neonatal outcome of triplet pregnancies.

Materials And Methods: The maternal and neonatal outcome of 27 triplet and 1 quadruplet gestations was studied at the University Hospital of Verona.

Results: Mean maternal age was 31.7+/-3.