Wintertime aerosol properties of urban desert region of western India: Implications in regional climate assessment.

This study assessed the inter-relation between physiochemical and optical characteristics of aerosols measured at a desert-urban region affected by anthropogenic sources and desert dust during October 2020 to January 2021. Based on horizontal visibility and measured PM concentration, clear (37 %), light (33 %) and high (31 %) pollution periods were identified. Elemental and organic carbon (50 ± 15 μgm 31 %) and secondary inorganics (53 ± 21 μgm; 33 %) dominated the PM mass (160 ± 4 μgm) during high pollution period with low dust (14 ± 7 μgm; 8 %) content.

Size fraction of hazardous particulate matter governing the respiratory deposition and inhalation risk in the highly polluted city Delhi.

Delhi has been identified as one of the highly polluted cities in the world and recently associated with the highest population weighted PM concentration. However, the unavailability of the health risk estimations using long-term data for Indian cities has been pointed out as a hurdle in performing the correct assessment. The present work estimated deposition of particles in different regions of respiratory systems (head airway = 67% deposition for 2.

Physical, chemical and optical properties of PM and gaseous emissions from cooking with biomass fuel in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The current study was designed to capture real-world cooking process-wise emissions generated by the combustion of mixed biomass fuel in traditional mud cookstoves in rural kitchens of the north Indian state of Uttar-Pradesh during regular meal preparations. Combustion characteristics, including modified combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency and burn rate, were examined to understand their relationship with emissions. Variations were observed in emission factors (EFs) of PM, trace gases, namely CO, CO, NO and SO for different cooking processes.

A global perspective of the current state of heavy metal contamination in road dust.

Heavy metals are persistent and bio-accumulative, and pose potential risk to human health and ecosystem. We reviewed the current state of heavy metal contamination, the ecotoxicological and human health risk of heavy metals reported in urban road dust from various cities in different continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, America, and Australia). We compared and synthesized the findings on the methods related to sample collection, extraction, analytical tools of heavy metals, their concentrations, level of contamination, ecological risk, non-carcinogenic risk, and carcinogenic risk in road dust.

Assessment of PM and PM over Ghaziabad, an industrial city in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: spatio-temporal variability and associated health effects.

This study examined the PM and PM concentration, associated mortality, and transport pathways in Ghaziabad which is an industrial city in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. To achieve this, PM (both PM and PM) and meteorological parameters were measured from June 2018 to May 2019 at 2 locations and analyzed together with data from a 3rd location in Ghaziabad. The highest daily average PM and PM concentrations were ~ 1000 µg m and ~ 450 µg m, respectively.

Development and evaluation of air pollution-linked quality of life (AP-QOL) questionnaire: insight from two different cohorts.

In this study, the air pollution-related quality of life (AP-QOL) questionnaire was carried out in two geographically and economically different groups including New Delhi (Megacity) and Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (town), and APE scores were linked with respiratory and cardiovascular illness. The APE-Score was developed by AP-QOL questionnaire responses using Delphi technique and further analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). For reliability of APE-Score and AP-QOL questionnaire, α-Cronbach's test and basic statistics were performed.

Reactive oxygen species production and inflammatory effects of ambient PM -associated metals on human lung epithelial A549 cells "one year-long study": The Delhi chapter.

The fine particulate matter (PM) was collected at academic campus of Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India from January-December 2017. The PM samples were analysed for carcinogenic (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Pb) and non-carcinogenic (V, Cu, Zn, Fe) trace metals and their elicited effects on carcinoma epithelial cell line A549. Toxicological testing was done with ELISA kit.

Insights on the biological role of ultrafine particles of size PM: A prospective study from New Delhi.

When the total ambient PM levels are several-fold higher than the recommended limit, it may be important to study the distributions of different sizes of particulate matter (PM). Here, we assess the distributions of various sizes of total PM for 12 months (on a monthly basis) in New Delhi, India. Importantly, we found that ultrafine particles (i.

Correction to: Chemical characterization of PM aerosol in Delhi and source apportionment using positive matrix factorization.

The correct 1st Author name is Jai Prakash.

Estimating seasonal variations of realistic exposure doses and risks to organs due to ambient particulate matter -bound metals of Delhi.

This study aims to calculate deposition of PM -bound hazardous metals in different organs after inhalation of particulate matter for the Delhi (India), and to estimate risks to organs following inhalation. Bio-accessible fractions of three PM-associated carcinogenic metals (As, Pb &Cd) were calculated using the metal values in simulated lung fluids. Depositions of metals in different organs were calculated using an integrated model consists of HRT and PBPK models.

Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in road dust in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India.

The present study was carried out to determine the contamination levels of heavy metals in road dust of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), India and its consequent effect on human and environment. The levels of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Fe) in 9 districts (Z1-Z9) of NCT were monitored and the corresponding human health risk was estimated. District-wise evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the road dust was performed.

Chemical characterization and quantitativ e assessment of source-specific health risk of trace metals in PM at a road site of Delhi, India.

This study presents the concentration of submicron aerosol (PM) collected during November, 2009 to March, 2010 at two road sites near the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus. In winter, PM composed 83% of PM indicating the dominance of combustion activity-generated particles. Principal component analysis (PCA) proved secondary aerosol formation as a dominant process in enhancing aerosol concentration at a receptor site along with biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, road dust, engine and tire tear wear, and secondary ammonia.

On-road emissions of CO, CO and NO from four wheeler and emission estimates for Delhi.

This study presents the emission factor of gaseous pollutants (CO, CO, and NO) from on-road tailpipe measurement of 14 passenger cars of different types of fuel and vintage. The trolley equipped with stainless steel duct, vane probe velocity meter, flue gas analyzer, Nondispersive infra red (NDIR) CO analyzer, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) sensors was connected to the vehicle using a towing system. Lower CO and higher NO emissions were observed from new diesel cars (post 2010) compared to old cars (post 2005), which implied that new technological advancement in diesel fueled passenger cars to reduce CO emission is a successful venture, however, the use of turbo charger in diesel cars to achieve high temperature combustion might have resulted in increased NO emissions.

PM exposure in highly polluted cities: A case study from New Delhi, India.

Personal exposure (PE) to air pollutants is driven by a combination of pollutant concentrations in indoor and outdoor environments, and time-activity pattern of individuals. The objectives of this study were to estimate personal exposure to PM and black carbon (BC), and assess the representability of ambient air quality monitoring stations to serve as surrogates for PE in New Delhi. Personal exposure to air pollutants (PM and BC) was measured using portable, battery-operated instruments (PM- pDR1500 and BC- microAethalometer AE51) in a small cohort of healthy adults (n=12 in summer, n=6 in winter) with no occupational exposure.

Chemical and optical properties of PM from on-road operation of light duty vehicles in Delhi city.

This study reports emission factors of PM, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), ions, trace elements and mass absorption cross-sections (MAC) of aerosol emitted from the on-road operation of light duty vehicles of different vintages. A portable dilution system was used to achieve complete quenching of aerosol at near ambient condition. The particles were collected on the filters and analyzed for chemical and light absorbing properties of aerosol.

Chemical characterization of PM aerosol in Delhi and source apportionment using positive matrix factorization.

Fine aerosol fraction (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 1.0 μm (PM)) over the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus was monitored day and night (10 h each) at 30 m height from November 2009 to March 2010. The samples were analyzed for 5 ions (NH, NO, SO, F, and Cl) and 12 trace elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni).

Speciation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present during fog time collected submicron particles.

Airborne submicron particles (PM1) were collected using PM1 sampler during the fog-dominated days (December 2013-January 2014). PM1 values varied between 58.12 μg/m(3) and 198.

Chemical, microphysical and optical properties of primary particles from the combustion of biomass fuels.

Biomass fuel combustion for residential energy significantly influences both emissions and the atmospheric burden of aerosols in world regions, i.e., east and south Asia.

Combustion of dried animal dung as biofuel results in the generation of highly redox active fine particulates.

Background: The burning of biomass in the developing world for heating and cooking results in high indoor particle concentrations. Long-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased rates of acute respiratory infections, chronic obstructive lung disease and cancer. In this study we determined the oxidative activity of combustion particles derived from the biomass fuel dung cake by examining their capacity to deplete antioxidants from a model human respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF).