Barriers and Unmet Educational Needs Regarding Implementation of Medication Adherence Management Across Europe: Insights from COST Action ENABLE.

Background: Medication adherence is essential for the achievement of therapeutic goals. Yet, the World Health Organization estimates that 50% of patients are nonadherent to medication and this has been associated with 125 billion euros and 200,000 deaths in Europe annually.

Objective: This study aimed to unravel barriers and unmet training needs regarding medication adherence management across Europe.

Cognitive decline related to chronic kidney disease as an exclusion factor from kidney transplantation: results from an international survey.

Background And Hypothesis: There seems to be a lack of consensus on the necessity and the modality of psychological and specifically cognitive assessment of candidates for kidney transplantation. Both points are often delegated to individual hospitals/centres, whereas international guidelines are inconsistent. We think it is essential to investigate professionals' opinions to advance towards a consistent clinical practice.

Efficacy of erythropoietin as a neuroprotective agent in CKD-associated cognitive dysfunction: A literature systematic review.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience mild cognitive impairment and other neurocognitive disorders. Studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor have neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of nervous system disorders. Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO), commonly used to treat anemia in CKD patients, could be a neuroprotective agent.

Drugs with a negative impact on cognitive functions (Part 2): drug classes to consider while prescribing in CKD patients.

There is growing evidence that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially due to vascular damage, blood-brain barrier disruption and uremic toxins. Given the presence of multiple comorbidities, the medication regimen of CKD patients often becomes very complex. Several medications such as psychotropic agents, drugs with anticholinergic properties, GABAergic drugs, opioids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and others have been linked to negative effects on cognition.

Methodological challenges and biases in the field of cognitive function among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 850 million people globally and is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among CKD patients ranges from 30 to 60%, and the link between CKD and cognitive impairment is partially understood. Methodological challenges and biases in studying cognitive function in CKD patients need to be addressed to improve diagnosis, treatment, and management of cognitive impairment in this population.

Albuminuria as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia-what is the evidence?

Kidney dysfunction can profoundly influence many organ systems, and recent evidence suggests a potential role for increased albuminuria in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Epidemiological studies conducted in different populations have demonstrated that the presence of increased albuminuria is associated with a higher relative risk of MCI or dementia both in cross-sectional analyses and in studies with long-term follow-up. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of albuminuria's effect are as yet insufficiently studied, with several important knowledge gaps still present in a complex relationship with other MCI and dementia risk factors.

Chronic kidney disease and neurological disorders: are uraemic toxins the missing piece of the puzzle?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) perturbs the crosstalk with others organs, with the interaction between the kidneys and the heart having been studied most intensively. However, a growing body of data indicates that there is an association between kidney dysfunction and disorders of the central nervous system. In epidemiological studies, CKD is associated with a high prevalence of neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular disorders, movement disorders, cognitive impairment and depression.

Profiling of cardiac β-adrenoceptor subtypes in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with metabolic syndrome: Comparison with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Little is known about metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiomyopathy, especially in relation to the role and contribution of beta-adrenoceptor (β-AR) subtypes. Therefore, we examined the roles of β-AR subtypes in the cardiac function of rats with MetS (MetS group) and compared it with that of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (STZ group). Compared with the normal control rats, the protein levels of cardiac β1- and β2-AR in the MetS group were significantly decreased and with no changes in their mRNA levels, whereas the protein levels of β3-AR were similar to those of the controls.

The effect of diabetes mellitus on α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the bladder of rats.

Objective: To detect the possible alterations on density or sensitivity of α1-adrenergic subtypes in diabetic bladder by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technology and in vitro studies.

Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin with a single injection through the tail vein. Rats were divided into control and diabetic groups.

Alteration in contractile responses in human detrusor smooth muscle from obstructed bladders with overactivity.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes in contractile responses under in vitro conditions in detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with bladder outflow obstruction (BOO).

Materials And Methods: Detrusor strips obtained during open prostatectomy procedure from 16 patients with BOO related to benign prostate hyperplasia were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Patients were assigned to two groups as patients with (DO) and without (no DO) DO.

Effect of urothelium on bladder contractility in diabetic rats.

Aim: It is known that physiopathological changes in diabetes affect the function of the bladder. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the possible effects of diabetes on the urothelium during this physiopathological process.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by tail vein injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin.

Short-term effects of arsenic sulfur in deficits of contractile and relaxant responses on urinary bladder: pharmacological and structural changes.

Introduction: Our goal was to investigate the effects of arsenic sulfur (AsS) on the detrusor smooth muscle reactivity.

Material And Methods: AsS (100 ppm microg/g) in drinking water was administered for 2 weeks to two groups of female Wistar rats. The contractile responses of urinary bladders to electrical field stimulation, carbachol, ATP and KCl, and the relaxant responses to ATP, adenosine and isoproterenol were examined.