The effect of P53 expression and smoking/alcohol in P16(+) and P16(-) oropharyngeal carcinoma and risk classification: the Turkish Society of Radiation Oncology Head & Neck Study Group 01-002.

Objective: The aim of this study is to categorize the risk groups of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) according to p16 and p53 status, smoking/alcohol consumption history, and other prognostic factors.

Study Design: The immunostaining of p16 and p53 of 290 patients was retrospectively evaluated. The history of smoking/alcohol consumption of each patient was noted.

Comparison of the effects of platelet-rich plasma and dexamethasone ınjection on scar formation after vocal fold ınjury in rabbits.

Objectives: In this study, a histopathological comparison was aimed between platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection and dexamethasone injection in the prevention of scar formation after vocal fold injury.

Materials And Methods: Electrocautery was applied to damage the right and left vocal folds of a total of 12 New Zealand rabbits. PRP obtained from the rabbit's own blood was injected into the right vocal fold, and dexamethasone was injected into the left vocal fold.

TMC8 mutation in a Turkish family with epidermodysplasia verruciformis including laryngeal papilloma and recurrent skin carcinoma.

The vast majority of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) occur due to the defects in cells originating from hematopoietic stem cells, while in some PIDs, there are defects in various genes responsible for non-leucocyte immune response such as seen in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). EV caused by the mutations in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 genes is called "typical." "Atypical" EV may develop in patients with primary immunodeficiencies originating from hematopoietic stem cells, which include severe T-cell failure, caused by inactivating biallelic mutations of STK4, RHOH, CORO1A, ITK, TPP2, DCLRE1C, LCK, RASGRP1, or DOCK8 genes.

Human papillomavirus infection in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the HPV positivity rate in patients with laryngeal cancer, and to determine the effect of HPV positivity on survival. An additional aim was to determine if patients with HPV positive laryngeal cancer are more sensitive to chemotherapy and if such sensitivity differs according to chemotherapy protocol.

Methods: The study included laryngeal specimens obtained from 82 laryngeal cancer patients and 11 laryngeal specimens with normal laryngeal mucosa that were obtained from our hospital's paraffin block archives between 1995 and 2013.

Prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Turkish Population.

Aims: mutation analysis in non-small cell lung cancer is important for selecting patients who will receive treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and mutation patterns in the Turkish population.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed molecular pathology reports of 959 cases with lung cancer analysed for receptor mutations.

Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors.

Objective: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) found on tumor cells has recently been reported to have a key role in the development and dissemination of many tumors, such as lung and breast carcinomas. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed PD-L1 expression among different types of sarcomas.

Material And Method: Tissue microarrays of 3-4 mm diameter were composed from paraffin blocks of 222 various sarcomas.

Clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical spectrum of 11 cases of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, including INI1/SMARCB1 results and BRAF V600E analysis.

Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare, relatively less chemosensitive sarcoma. We report clinicopathologic features of 11 epithelioid MPNSTs, including rare forms, along with INI1 immunostaining and BRAF V600E mutation results. BRAF V600E mutation was tested by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Investigation of BRAF mutation analysis with different technical platforms in metastatic melanoma.

In metastatic melanoma, the detection of somatic mutations in the BRAF gene is crucial regarding patient selection for targeted therapy. Several screening methods have been developed to identify BRAF gene mutations. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the detection of the BRAF V600 mutations using two molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain (real-time PCR) assay and pyrosequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to compare the results of these different technical platforms.

Serous versus high-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: immunohistochemistry of RFP is not useful for differentiation.

We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of ret finger protein (RFP) along with conventional immunohistochemical markers in endometrioid and serous carcinomas of the endometrium. A total of 124 endometrial carcinoma cases (24 grade 1 endometrioid, 60 grade 3 endometrioid, 40 serous) were retrieved from pathology archives. Tissue microarrays were constructed.

Detection of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter region methylation pattern using pyrosequencing and the effect of methylation pattern on survival, recurrence, and chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Aim: To determine the methylation pattern of the promoter region of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in laryngeal cancer and normal laryngeal mucosa samples using pyrosequencing, and to determine the relationship between the methylation pattern of MGMT, and tumor stage, survival, recurrence, and chemosensitivity in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Laryngeal cancer and normal laryngeal mucosa specimens were obtained from our paraffin block archives, and then subjected to pyrosequencing. Different cut-off values were used to detect methylation.

Comparison of Clinicopathologic Parameters and Survivals Between Epstein-Barr Virus-positive and Her2-positive Gastric Cancers.

Gastric carcinomas are highly mortal neoplasms for which new therapeutic options are being searched. The molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinomas was proposed recently, and the relationship between etiopathogenetic types is still under investigation. Here we compared histopathologic, prognostic, and survival differences between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and Her2-positive gastric adenocarcinomas.

Application of Molecular Pathology in Endocrine Pathology.

Rapid growth in knowledge of cell and molecular biology led to the increased usage of molecular techniques in anatomical pathology. This is also due to the advances achieved in the techniques introduced in the last few years which are less laborious as compared to the techniques used at the beginning of the "molecular era". The initial assays were also very expensive and were not performed except for selected centers.

Effects of intra-abdominal pressure on adrenal gland function and morphology in rats.

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (IAH/ACS) are life-threatening conditions and caused by several clinical status. Although there is insufficient data regarding its effects on adrenal glands. This study aimed to identify whether elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) caused any alteration on the morphology and function of adrenal glands in a rat model.

Molecular features of follicular variant papillary carcinoma of thyroid: comparison of areas with or without classical nuclear features.

We aimed to compare the genetic background of different areas in follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTC) with or without classical nuclear changes. Sixteen cases of FVPTC were included in our study. All tumors were well demarcated from surrounding thyroid tissue and had both areas with nuclear features (WNF) and areas without nuclear features (WONF) of papillary carcinoma.

Occurrence of dysplasia and human papilloma virus typing in penile condylomas.

Objective: To determine the incidence of dysplasia as a preneoplastic change and high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in penile condylomas, which are common HPV-related lesions and considered a risk factor for penile cancer.

Methods: Histologic analysis was done of 58 consecutive penile condylomas with tissue diagnosis. An immunohistochemical panel that included stains for p53, Ki-67, and p16INK4a was also used.

The selective expression of ret finger protein in endometrial cancer: can RFP be a marker of serous carcinomas?

Objective: Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy of the gynecological system and has been classified into two major groups, Types I and II. Type I tumors are estrogen-related, low-grade endometrioid tumors, whereas type II tumors are aggressive, high-grade non-endometrioid tumors. Ret finger protein is a nuclear transcription factor with a tripartite motif that is highly expressed in different tumor cells.

Effect of sildenafil citrate on penile weight and physiology of cavernous smooth muscle in a post-radical prostatectomy model of erectile dysfunction in rats.

Objectives: To evaluate the gross morphometric changes and in vitro responses of the corpus cavernosus of rats treated with sildenafil citrate after cavernous neurotomy.

Methods: The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of sham-operated rats (n = 16); group 2 consisted of rats that underwent bilateral cavernous neurotomy (BCN) (n = 16); and group 3 consisted of rats that underwent unilateral cavernous neurotomy (UCN) (n = 16).

Effectiveness of topical zinc oxide application on hypertrophic scar development in rabbits.

Background: The etiology, biology, prevention and effective treatment of hypertrophic scars have not exactly been defined. Topical zinc oxide application was shown to be effective in the treatment of proliferative scars. We studied the effectiveness of topical zinc oxide ointment in the prevention of hypertrophic scar development by using the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model.

Study of FHIT and WWOX expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are salivary gland neoplasms with divergent morphological features and clinical behavior. ACC is a basaloid tumor whereas MEC is a glandular epithelial neoplasm. FHIT and WWOX are tumor suppressor genes that encompass the FRA3B and FRA16D fragile sites at chromosomes 3p14.

RET finger protein expression in invasive breast carcinoma: relationship between RFP and ErbB2 expression.

RET finger protein (RFP), which belongs to the large B-box RING finger protein family, has been reported to be expressed in breast carcinoma cell lines. We conducted this study to evaluate the expression level of RFP in breast carcinomas. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 133 cases of invasive breast carcinoma.

Normal parathyroid hormone levels in a diabetic patient with parathyroid adenoma.

Objective: The incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and, conversely, primary hyperparathyroidism in diabetic patients are approximately threefold higher than the respective expected prevalence in the general populace. The diagnosis is straightforward when the patient presents hypercalcemia and inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. We report a case of parathyroid adenoma in a diabetic patient with persistent hypercalcemia and normal PTH levels.

Orbital heterotopic glial tissue presenting as exotropia.

A 5-month-old female infant was noted to have difficulty in fixating with the left eye with accompanying progressive exo-deviation and axial proptosis. She also had optic disc hypoplasia with the double ring sign. Computed tomography showed left superomedial orbital mass without any orbital bony defect.

Testicular persistence of Parvovirus B19: evidence for preferential infection of germ cell tumors.

Human Parvovirus B19 has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors, but this could not have been confirmed. This study was designed to investigate the testicular persistence of Parvovirus B19 and possible associations with germ cell tumors. Paraffin-embedded or fresh tissues from 36 germ cell tumors, 20 germ cell aplasias, 26 normal testicular tissues, 20 liver tissues, and 20 spleen tissues were evaluated by two different molecular assays: a nested PCR for Parvovirus B19 capsid genes and a commercial quantitative real-time PCR.

Vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in psoriasis.

Objective: To investigate expression patterns and relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial receptor-3 (VEGF-R3) (FLT-4) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in psoriasis.

Study Design: Forty-three patients were included in this study. The clinical severity of psoriasis was assessed using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI).