Application of SBIRT Tools in Managing Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders.

Background: To evaluate the eligibility and feasibility of the "Voice Modules in Narcology" (VMIN) program.

Material And Methods: We developed a computer program to screen for risky alcohol or drug use, utilizing an interactive voice assistant as a motivational component. Given the low detection of such risks during population health examinations and medical check-ups, this program could allow the primary healthcare sector to expand screening coverage for risky alcohol and drug use without additional medical personnel.

Visual Snow Syndrome Prevalence Among Young Adults in the Russian Federation: a Research Perspective.

Background: Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a poorly understood neurological condition of unclear etiology, characterized by visual and non-visual symptoms that reduce quality of life. The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of young adults with visual snow in Russia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an online survey among 1,177 respondents over the age of 18 residing in Russia.

Epigenetic Contributors to PTSD: a Comprehensive Review.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex condition triggered by traumatic events. The molecular mechanisms underlying PTSD are not fully understood, but epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, may play a key role. The objective of this review was to identify the most significant epigenetic markers associated with PTSD.

Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Patients with Chronic Discogenic Back Pain.

Background: To analyze the results of domestic and foreign studies of the comorbidity of anxiety-depressive disorders and discogenic back pain in adult patients.

Subjects And Methods: An analysis of Russian-language and foreign literature was carried out with a search depth of 5 years (2019-2024) in the following databases: PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, ScienceDirect and e-Library.

Results: Numerous studies have shown that depression and anxiety influence treatment outcomes in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

[A case report of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with mental disturbances manifestation].

Presented clinical observation of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, which was first described in 2007, is rare and to date has not been sufficiently studied. The disease often manifests with psychopathological symptoms and catatonia, so patients are transferred into a mental healthcare institution and often require intensive care and resuscitation, due to the development of life-threatening respiratory and hemodynamic disorders. Diagnosis is based on detection of autoantibodies to the NR1- and NR2 subunits of the glutamate NMDA receptor in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

[The significance of glymphatic pathway in the relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and neurodegenerative diseases].

Selective and progressive death of neurons is a characteristic feature of the process of neurodegeneration and leads to corresponding neuronal dysfunctions. Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of clinically distinct disorders with similar molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. They are based on the processes of abnormal aggregation of proteins, the formation of fibrillary insoluble structures and their deposition in the form of histopathological inclusions in the tissues of the nervous system.

Neurological and Psychiatric Aspects of Biological Markers for the Provision of Medical Care to Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy 5q.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder, in which, for the common childhood onset forms, loss of function of the SMA 5q gene leads to disability and death before adulthood. Symptomatic treatment focusses on respiratory and nutritional support, and physical therapy, but there is little consideration of psychiatric manifestations of SMA. The aim of this study was to explore blood biomarker levels, electromyography (EMG) data, and clinical manifestations, including psychiatric impairments, in patients with SMA 5q.

Post-COVID Neuropsychiatric Complications in Children and Adolescents: a Study Design for Early Diagnosis and Treatment Using Innovative Technologies.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on the child and adolescent population, with long-term consequences for physical health, socio-psychological well-being, and cognitive development, which require further investigation. We herein describe a study design protocol for recognizing neuropsychiatric complications associated with pediatric COVID-19, and for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies grounded on the evidence-based findings.

Methods: The study includes two cohorts, each with 163 participants, aged from 7 to 18 years old, and matched by gender.

Genetic Contributors to PTSD: the Role of SNVs, Gene Interactions and Haplotypes for Developing PTSD Prevention Measures. A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- or stressor-related mental health condition with high socioeconomic burden. We aimed in this review to identify promising genetic markers predisposing for PTSD, which might serve in the design subsequent studies aiming to develop PTSD prevention and remediation measures.

Subjects And Methods: Our search queries in the PubMed database yielded 547 articles, of which 20 met our inclusion criteria for further analysis: published between 2018 and 2022, original research, containing molecular-genetic and statistical data, containing diagnosis verification methods, PTSD as a primary condition, and a sample of at least 60 patients.

Neuronetwork Approach in the Early Diagnosis of Depression.

Background: Depression is a common mental illness, with around 280 million people suffering from depression worldwide. At present, the main way to quantify the severity of depression is through psychometric scales, which entail subjectivity on the part of both patient and clinician. In the last few years, deep (machine) learning is emerging as a more objective approach for measuring depression severity.

Comparing the Anti-Depressive Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Versus Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the Treatment of Patients with Depression.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depressive disorders. However, ECT has a number of limitations, such as significant side effects in the neurocognitive domain and the requirement for general anesthesia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intervention that applies electric stimulation to the brain without causing convulsions, thus representing an attractive alternative to ECT.

[The significance of the glymphatic pathway in the relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and neurodegenerative diseases].

Selective and progressive death of neurons is a characteristic feature of the process of neurodegeneration and leads to corresponding neuronal dysfunctions. Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of clinically distinct disorders with similar molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. They are based on the processes of abnormal aggregation of proteins, the formation of fibrillary insoluble structures and their deposition in the form of histopathological inclusions in the tissues of the nervous system.

The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (Sch) is a severe and widespread mental disorder. Antipsychotics (APs) of the first and new generations as the first-line treatment of Sch are not effective in about a third of cases and are also unable to treat negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenics. This explains the search for new therapeutic strategies for a disease-modifying therapy for treatment-resistant Sch (TRS).

Bio-Inspired Micro- and Nanorobotics Driven by Magnetic Field.

In recent years, there has been explosive growth in the number of investigations devoted to the development and study of biomimetic micro- and nanorobots. The present review is dedicated to novel bioinspired magnetic micro- and nanodevices that can be remotely controlled by an external magnetic field. This approach to actuate micro- and nanorobots is non-invasive and absolutely harmless for living organisms in vivo and cell microsurgery, and is very promising for medicine in the near future.

Does TMS Influence Verbal Function and Treat the Language Decline in Schizophrenia? Finding Answers via Systematic Review of Current Research.

Background: rTMS is an adequately safe intervention that is approved for treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions. There is ongoing research on the application of rTMS for the treatment of resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia (SZ), and also for alleviating negative and cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic SZ states. Language decline, as a part of thought, language and communication disorders, is one of the key symptoms of SZ, having a significant bearing on decreased social/interpersonal functioning of these patients.

Association between Neuropathic Pain and Depression: Focusing on the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation As a Promising Treatment Approach.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) affects approximately 7% of the general population and is often accompanied by depressive symptoms with up to 85% of NP patients are suffering from comorbid depression (CD). The noninvasive neuromodulation technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established proven clinically effective nonpharmacological treatment for depression, and considered a highly promising option also for reducing the burden of NP by relieving pain perception and increasing patients' quality of life. In this article, we systematically review the various clinical protocols used in TMS treatments in patients suffering from NP and comorbid depression.

Possible Clinical and Pharmacogenetic Predictors of the Efficacy and Safety of Carbamazepine in Post-COVID-19 Depression.

Background: Individuals who have suffered from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are at risk for developing post-COVID neuropsychiatric disorders, which are an integral part of the Long COVID syndrome. Depression and/or anxiety are considered the most common psychiatric disorders after experiencing COVID-19. Certain antiepileptic drugs, notably, carbamazepine (CMZ), are effective in the treatment of mood disorders, especially as mood stabilizers in bipolar affective disorder (BAD), but the efficacy of CMZ in Long COVID remains to be established.

Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism.

Among neurological adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (APs), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the most common motility disorder caused by drugs affecting dopamine receptors. One of the causes of DIP is the disruption of neurotransmitter interactions that regulate the signaling pathways of the dopaminergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, adenosinergic, endocannabinoid, and other neurotransmitter systems. Presently, the development mechanisms remain poorly understood despite the presence of the considered theories of DIP pathogenesis.

[Application of modern approaches in the screening and early diagnosis programs for the orphan diseases].

Orphan diseases have a prevalence ranging one patient per 10.000 population in the Russian Federation to one per 1500-2000 individuals in Australia and the USA. Many orphan diseases lead to a severe decrease in quality of life and high mortality.

3D micro/nanoshaping of metal strip arrays by direct imprinting for chiral metasurfaces.

An original hybrid method for three-dimensional (3D) shaping of micro- and nanostructures by direct imprinting of lithographically patterned metal 2D-elements on a polymer substrate is proposed. The technological features of the method are demonstrated by transforming Au micro/nanostrip arrays into 3D half-turn helices. The metasurface formed by an array of 3D half-turn Au microhelices in the surface layer of a polymer substrate rotates the polarization plane of transmitted 3 THz radiation through an angle in excess of 50°.

[Spinal muscular atrophy in samara region. Epidemiology, classification, prospects for health care].

The paper addresses the problem of spinal muscular atrophy in Russia, in particular in Samara region. There are 58 alive patients, including 19 children, registered to June 2019 in the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital n.a.