Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Background: Recently conducted randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that late commencement of parenteral nutrition (PN) may have clinical benefits in critically ill adults and children. However, there is currently limited evidence regarding the optimal timing of commencement of PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits and safety of early versus late PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Endothelin receptor antagonists for persistent pulmonary hypertension in term and late preterm infants.

Background: Endothelin, a powerful vasoconstrictor, is one of the mediators in the causation of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Theoretically, endothelin receptor antagonists (ETRA) have the potential to improve the outcomes of infants with PPHN.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of ETRA in the treatment of PPHN in full-term, post-term and late preterm infants.

Probiotic Supplementation and Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Despite various preventive measures, its incidence continues to remain high, hence the urgent need for additional approaches. One such potential strategy is supplementation with probiotics.