[A 3-YEAR COMPARATIVE COHORT - TRENDS IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY CONSULTATIONS IN THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

Aims: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed emergency department (ED) referral trends worldwide.

Objectives: We aim to investigate inpatient consultation in the ED of a pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery service during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to two preceding years.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of children under 18 years who had an otolaryngology consultation in Schneider Children's Hospital ED from 2018-2020.

Management of facial nerve trauma.

Purpose Of Review: To present the current literature on management of facial nerve disorder secondary to trauma, with a focus on the utility of electrodiagnostic testing in this setting.

Recent Findings: Patients with facial palsy related to temporal bone fractures should be started on high-dose corticosteroids as early as possible. Recent literature on the benefit of surgical intervention in the setting of temporal bone fracture is mixed.

Investigating Socioeconomic Barriers to Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: To explore socioeconomic disparities in cochlear implant evaluation (CIE) referrals and cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral academic center.

[AUDITORY OUTCOMES OF COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN MENIERE'S DISEASE].

Background: Cochlear implants are valuable in the auditory rehabilitation of patients with severe to profound hearing loss. However, there is limited data on the outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with Meniere's disease (MD).

Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the auditory outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with MD.

Hemopneumothorax detection through the process of artificial evolution - a feasibility study.

Background: Tension pneumothorax is one of the leading causes of preventable death on the battlefield. Current prehospital diagnosis relies on a subjective clinical impression complemented by a manual thoracic and respiratory examination. These techniques are not fully applicable in field conditions and on the battlefield, where situational and environmental factors may impair clinical capabilities.

Middle Cranial Fossa Approach to Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in the Older Patient Population.

Objective: Compare outcomes of middle cranial fossa approach (MCF) to vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection in patients 60 years of age and older to patients under 60.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Pediatric Single-Sided Deafness.

Objective: To explore socioeconomic disparities in pediatric single-sided deafness (SSD) treatment.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral academic center.

Visual Speech Recognition: Improving Speech Perception in Noise through Artificial Intelligence.

Objectives: To compare speech perception (SP) in noise for normal-hearing (NH) individuals and individuals with hearing loss (IWHL) and to demonstrate improvements in SP with use of a visual speech recognition program (VSRP).

Study Design: Single-institution prospective study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Hemifacial Spasm as a Rare Clinical Presentation of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Case Report and Literature Review.

Objectives: To report a rare case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) presenting with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and review the current literature.

Methods: Case report and literature review. The patient's medical record was reviewed for demographic and clinical data.

Is Longer Surgery More Dangerous? Operative Duration Not Associated With Complications After Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.

Objective: To examine the association between operative duration and complications after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Central Effects of Cranial Nerve Stimulation.

The current literature on peripheral cranial nerve stimulation for the purpose of achieving therapeutic effects via altering brain activity is reviewed. Vagus nerve stimulation, which is approved for use in refractory epilepsy, is the most extensively studied cranial nerve stimulator that has direct impact on the central nervous system. Despite the recognized central effects of peripheral cranial nerve stimulation, the mechanism of action for all indications remains incompletely understood.

Obesity Is Not Associated With Postoperative Complications After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery in a Large Single Institution Series.

Objective: Determine whether elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with postoperative complications after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rate after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery via Middle Cranial Fossa Approach.

 Evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate after the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach to vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.  Retrospective case series.  Quaternary referral academic center.

Imaging findings in pediatric single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss.

Objective: To examine the imaging findings on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric single-sided deafness (SSD) and asymmetric hearing loss (ASH).

Methods: The medical records of 189 pediatric patients with SSD and ASH were retrospectively reviewed, and imaging findings were compared. SSD was defined as unilateral profound hearing loss and contralateral normal hearing ear.

Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak from Middle Ear Effusion.

Objective: To demonstrate the clinical utility, sensitivity, and specificity of standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in differentiating temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leaks from all other middle ear effusions.

Study Design: Retrospective imaging review.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Application of Ultrasonic Bone Aspirator for Decompression of the Internal Auditory Canal via the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach.

Objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ultrasonic bone aspirator (UBA) during middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach to vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Impact of Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring on Facial Nerve Outcomes after Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.

Objectives:: Assess the utility of intraoperative transcranial facial motor-evoked potential (FMEP) monitoring in predicting and improving facial function after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.

Study Design:: Retrospective chart review.

Methods:: Data were obtained from 82 consecutive VS resections meeting inclusion criteria.

Adolescent Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2010.

Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that childhood obesity is a risk factor for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) independent of other metabolic risk factors.

Study Design: A complex, multistage, stratified geographic area design for collecting representative data from noninstitutionalized US population.

Methods: A total of 5,638 adolescents between age 12 and 19 from the NHANES database (2005-2010) were studied.

Comprehensive review of the extended middle cranial fossa approach.

Purpose Of Review: To review the current literature on the extended middle cranial fossa (xMCF) approach and to provide a comprehensive description of the relevant anatomy, indications, surgical technique, results, and complications.

Recent Findings: The xMCF approach expands the surgical exposure provided by the sMCF approach, allowing access to the internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, prepontine cistern, anterior petrous apex, petrous carotid artery, Meckel's cave, cavernous sinus, mid and upper clivus, and posterior lesions approaching the jugular foramen. Preservation of serviceable hearing is possible with success rates approximating 50% in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma resection, and facial nerve outcome is excellent.

The development and validation of the speech quality instrument.

Objective: Although speech perception tests are available to evaluate hearing, there is no standardized validated tool to quantify speech quality. The objective of this study is to develop a validated tool to measure quality of speech heard.

Study Design: Prospective instrument validation study of 35 normal hearing adults recruited at a tertiary referral center.

Early and Late Recurrent Epistaxis Admissions: Patterns of Incidence and Risk Factors.

Objective Epistaxis is a common complaint, yet few studies have focused on the incidence and risk factors of recurrent epistaxis. Our objective was to determine the patterns of incidence and risk factors for recurrent epistaxis admission (REA). Study Design Case series with chart review.

Reduction of the Harmonic Series Influences Musical Enjoyment With Cochlear Implants.

Objective: Cochlear implantation is associated with poor music perception and enjoyment. Reducing music complexity has been shown to enhance music enjoyment in cochlear implant (CI) recipients. In this study, we assess the impact of harmonic series reduction on music enjoyment.

Get the Diagnosis: an evidence-based medicine collaborative Wiki for diagnostic test accuracy.

Background: Despite widespread calls for its use, there are challenges to the implementation of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in clinical practice.

Methods: In response to the challenges of finding timely, pertinent information on diagnostic test accuracy, we developed an online, crowd-sourced Wiki on diagnostic test accuracy called Get the Diagnosis (GTD, http://www.getthediagnosis.

Development of a Low-Cost, Noninvasive, Portable Visual Speech Recognition Program.

Objectives: Loss of speech following tracheostomy and laryngectomy severely limits communication to simple gestures and facial expressions that are largely ineffective. To facilitate communication in these patients, we seek to develop a low-cost, noninvasive, portable, and simple visual speech recognition program (VSRP) to convert articulatory facial movements into speech.

Methods: A Microsoft Kinect-based VSRP was developed to capture spatial coordinates of lip movements and translate them into speech.

Evaluation and management of pediatric nasal obstruction: A survey of practice patterns.

Background: Inferior turbinate (IT) hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy are both causes of pediatric nasal obstruction.

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to study nasal obstruction evaluation and management among pediatric otolaryngologists with respect to IT and adenoid hypertrophy.

Methods: A questionnaire with embedded clinical videos was sent electronically to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members.