Hemin-Induced Transient Senescence Via DNA Damage Response: A Neuroprotective Mechanism Against Ferroptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses acute fatality and long-term neurological risks due to hemin and iron accumulation from hemoglobin breakdown. Our observation that hemin induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), prompting a senescence-like phenotype in neurons, necessitating deeper exploration of cellular responses. Using experimental ICH models and human ICH patient tissue, we elucidate hemin-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) inducing transient senescence and delayed expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1).

Deficiency of m A RNA methylation promotes ZBP1-mediated cell death.

m A RNA methylation suppresses the immunostimulatory potential of endogenous RNA. Deficiency of m A provokes inflammatory responses and cell death, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we showed that the noncoding RNA 7SK gains immunostimulatory potential upon m A depletion and subsequently activates the RIG-I/MAVS axis to spark interferon (IFN) signaling cascades.

Extraction of Radiological Characteristics From Free-Text Imaging Reports Using Natural Language Processing Among Patients With Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Neuroimaging is the gold-standard diagnostic modality for all patients suspected of stroke. However, the unstructured nature of imaging reports remains a major challenge to extracting useful information from electronic health records systems. Despite the increasing adoption of natural language processing (NLP) for radiology reports, information extraction for many stroke imaging features has not been systematically evaluated.

RNA/DNA Binding Protein TDP43 Regulates DNA Mismatch Repair Genes with Implications for Genome Stability.

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) is increasingly recognized for its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP43 proteinopathy, characterized by dysregulated nuclear export and cytoplasmic aggregation, is present in most ALS/FTD cases and is associated with a loss of nuclear function and genomic instability in neurons. Building on prior evidence linking TDP43 pathology to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), this study identifies a novel regulatory role for TDP43 in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway.

Multiple Intracranial Schwannomas of the Vestibular and Trigeminal Nerves: A Technical Note.

Background: A schwannoma is a nerve sheath tumor that is formed by Schwann cells. Vestibular schwannomas are thought to account for the majority of intracranial schwannomas. Nonvestibular schwannomas account for about 10%, about half of which are trigeminal schwannomas.

Poor haemorrhagic stroke outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic are driven by socioeconomic disparities: analysis of nationally representative data.

Background: Nationally representative studies evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on haemorrhagic stroke outcomes are lacking.

Methods: In this pooled cross-sectional analysis, we identified adults (≥18 years) with primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) or subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020). We evaluated differences in rates of in-hospital outcomes between the prepandemic (January 2016-February 2020) and pandemic (March-December 2020) periods using segmented logistic regression models.

United States regulatory approval of medical devices used for endovascular neurosurgery: A two-decade review of FDA regulatory files.

Background: The evolution of neuroendovascular technologies has progressed substantially. Over the last two decades, the introduction of new endovascular devices has facilitated treatment for more patients, and as a result, the regulatory environment concerning neuroendovascular devices has evolved rapidly in response.

Objective: To examine trends in the approval of neuroendovascular devices by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the last 20 years.

Primary thoracic intramedullary spinal cord tumor with likely metastases of glial origin to the lumbosacral vertebrae: Illustrative case.

Background: Metastasis of systemic neoplasms to the spine is common; however, the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors to other regions in the body is an infrequent occurrence. A few case reports have described the metastasis of primary spinal cord tumors, and in most cases, patients were younger than 30 years of age.

Case Description: We present an illustrative case of a 47-year-old female with metastatic lesions to the lumbosacral vertebrae years after the initial diagnosis of an intradural, intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT).

A Neuro-Informatics Pipeline for Cerebrovascular Disease: Research Registry Development.

Background: Although stroke is well recognized as a critical disease, treatment options are often limited. Inpatient stroke encounters carry critical information regarding the mechanisms of stroke and patient outcomes; however, these data are typically formatted to support administrative functions instead of research. To support improvements in the care of patients with stroke, a substantive research data platform is needed.

Automated catheter segmentation and tip detection in cerebral angiography with topology-aware geometric deep learning.

Background: Visual perception of catheters and guidewires on x-ray fluoroscopy is essential for neurointervention. Endovascular robots with teleoperation capabilities are being developed, but they cannot 'see' intravascular devices, which precludes artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation that could improve precision and autonomy. Deep learning has not been explored for neurointervention and prior works in cardiovascular scenarios are inadequate as they only segment device tips, while neurointervention requires segmentation of the entire structure due to coaxial devices.

Leptomeningeal metastasis from neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: illustrative case.

Background: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a rare feature of metastasis that is characterized by thickening and increased contrast enhancement throughout the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) can occur as spread from primary CNS tumors or as a manifestation of metastasis to the CNS from primary tumor sites outside the CNS. Leptomeningeal disease is, however, rare in cervical cancer, in which metastasis occurs typically from local invasion.

METTL3 inhibition reduces N -methyladenosine levels and prevents allogeneic CD4 T-cell responses.

Alloreactive CD4 T cells play a central role in allograft rejection. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of the effector program in alloreactive CD4 T cells remains unclear. N -methyladenosine (m A) RNA modification is involved in various physiological and pathological processes.

SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: Emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) before entering vital organs of the body, including the brain. Studies have shown systemic inflammation, cellular senescence, and viral toxicity-mediated multi-organ failure occur during infectious periods.

Ablation of BATF Alleviates Transplant Rejection Abrogating the Effector Differentiation and Memory Responses of CD8 T Cells.

Allogeneic CD8 T cells are prominently involved in allograft rejection, but how their effector differentiation and function are regulated at a transcriptional level is not fully understood. Herein, we identified the basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) as a key transcription factor that drives the effector program of allogeneic CD8 T cells. We found that BATF is highly expressed in graft-infiltrating CD8 T cells, and its ablation in CD8 T cells significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in a fully MHC-mismatched transplantation model.

Telerobotic Endovascular Interventions and Their Potential for Cerebrovascular Treatment.

After the introduction of the first robotic-assisted surgical procedures, the technology soon reached the world of endovascular specialists, giving rise to several publications about robotic-assisted endovascular therapy. Compared with conventional procedures, robotic-assisted procedures can be more accurate and reduce radiation exposure. The latest commercially available endovascular robotic system is the CorPath GRX, which can be operated remotely.

The First Pilot Study of an Interactive, 360° Augmented Reality Visualization Platform for Neurosurgical Patient Education: A Case Series.

Background: Interactive technologies are increasingly being used for patient education. Augmented reality (AR) is the technology of superimposing digital content on the reality that the user observes.

Objective: To evaluate a brand new, commercial prototype of a 360° AR visualization platform (360 ARVP) to enhance patient education for neurosurgical patients.

Alterations to the gut microbiome after sport-related concussion in a collegiate football players cohort: A pilot study.

Concussions, both single and repetitive, cause brain and body alterations in athletes during contact sports. The role of the brain-gut connection and changes in the microbiota have not been well established after sports-related concussions or repetitive subconcussive impacts. We recruited 33 Division I Collegiate football players and collected blood, stool, and saliva samples at three time points throughout the athletic season: mid-season, following the last competitive game (post-season), and after a resting period in the off-season.

Educational impact of early COVID-19 operating room restrictions on neurosurgery resident training in the United States: A multicenter study.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented suspensions of neurosurgical elective surgeries, a large proportion of which involve spine procedures. The goal of this study is to report granular data on the impact of early COVID-19 pandemic operating room restrictions upon neurosurgical case volume in academic institutions, with attention to its secondary impact upon neurosurgery resident training. This is the first multicenter quantitative study examining these early effects upon neurosurgery residents caseloads.

DNA Damage and Repair Deficiency in ALS/FTD-Associated Neurodegeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication.

Emerging studies reveal that neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are commonly linked to DNA damage accumulation and repair deficiency. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to DNA damage due to their high metabolic activity, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent DNA damage. Efficient and timely repair of such damage is critical for guarding the integrity of genomic DNA and for cell survival.

Transcarotid access for remote robotic endovascular neurointerventions: a cadaveric proof-of-concept study.

Objective: The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to demonstrate the setup and feasibility of transcarotid access for remote robotic neurointerventions in a cadaveric model.

Methods: The interventional procedures were performed in a fresh-frozen cadaveric model using an endovascular robotic system and a robotic angiography imaging system. A prototype remote, robotic-drive system with an ethernet-based network connectivity and audio-video communication system was used to drive the robotic system remotely.

A contemporary review of therapeutic and regenerative management of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a common and debilitating form of stroke. This neurological emergency must be diagnosed and treated rapidly yet effectively. In this article, we review the medical, surgical, repair, and regenerative treatment options for managing ICH.

Hippocampal Transcriptome Changes After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.

After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), up to 95% of surviving patients suffer from post-SAH syndrome, which includes cognitive deficits with impaired memory, executive functions, and emotional disturbances. . To fill this gap in knowledge, we performed a systematic RNA sequencing screen of the hippocampus in a mouse model of SAH.