A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics.

Unlabelled: White spot lesions (WSL) associated with fixed orthodontic appliances are a common adverse effect of orthodontic treatment and represent a significant challenge to achieving esthetic excellence. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence regarding diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, intratreatment management, and postorthodontic treatment of WSL, and to provide clinical recommendations useful for both the orthodontist and the general dentist. Caries risk assessment should be incorporated into initial evaluations of orthodontic patients, and risk-specific prevention and management protocols can help to eliminate or minimize this clinical problem.

Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction.

Introduction: Bone-anchored maxillary protraction has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for the correction of Class III malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional changes in the maxilla, the surrounding hard and soft tissues, and the circummaxillary sutures after bone-anchored maxillary protraction treatment.

Methods: Twenty-five consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 9 and 13 years (mean, 11.

Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary protraction with intermaxillary elastics to miniplates.

Introduction: Early Class III treatment with reverse-pull headgear generally results in maxillary skeletal protraction but is frequently also accompanied by unfavorable dentoalveolar effects. An alternative treatment with intermaxillary elastics from a temporary anchorage device might permit equivalent favorable skeletal changes without the unwanted dentoalveolar effects.

Methods: Six consecutive patients (3 boys, 3 girls; ages, 10-13 years 3 months) with Class III occlusion and maxillary deficiency were treated by using intermaxillary elastics to titanium miniplates.

Superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models of growing patients.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate a new method for superimposition of 3-dimensional (3D) models of growing subjects.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken before and after Class III malocclusion orthopedic treatment with miniplates. Three observers independently constructed 18 3D virtual surface models from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 3 patients.

Implantable devices as orthodontic anchorage: a review of current treatment modalities.

Unlabelled: Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of implantable devices as direct adjuncts to orthodontic treatment. Whereas the use of conventional dental implants has been researched extensively, the body of literature associated with the more recent uses of implantable devices in orthodontics is relatively small. Currently, a limited number of such devices are used to aid in orthodontic treatment.