A randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase III clinical trial assessing safety and immunological non-inferiority of Vi-diphtheria toxoid versus Vi-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy volunteers in eastern Nepal.

Typhoid remains one of the major serious health concerns for children in developing countries. With extremely drug-resistant cases emerging, preventative measures like sanitation and vaccination, including typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) remain the mainstay in its prevention and control. Different types of TCVs are being developed to meet the global demand.

Typhoid Fever among Admitted Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Typhoid fever, an acute systemic febrile illness caused by Salmonella Typhi & Paratyphi, is an important public health problem in developing countries. It requires frequent observation regarding proper diagnostic protocol and treatment practices. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of typhoid fever among admitted pediatric patients in a tertiary care center.

Association of antithyroglobulin antibody with iodine nutrition and thyroid dysfunction in Nepalese children.

Background: Aberrant iodine intake and thyroid autoimmunity affect thyroid function. Deficiencies of iodine including thyroid disorders have serious impact on child physical and mental development. This study was conducted to investigate iodine nutrition, thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in the Nepalese children, and explore the association of thyroidal autoimmunity with iodine nutrition and thyroid dysfunction.

Pattern of renal diseases in children: A developing country experience.

Spectrum of renal disease varies in different ethnic population, geographical location, and by environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to find out the clinical spectrum and occurrence of different pediatric renal diseases at a teaching hospital in the Eastern part of Nepal. All cases of renal diseases from one month to 15 years of age, attending the pediatric renal outpatient department and/or were admitted to the wards during the period of February 2012 to January 2013, were included in the study.

Osteopetrosis in two siblings: two case reports.

Background: Osteopetrosis is a rare inherited metabolic bone disorder characterized by extensive sclerosis of skeletons, visual and hearing impairment, hepatosplenomegaly and anemia. It has two major clinical forms: the autosomal dominant adult (benign) form is associated with milder symptoms often appearing in later childhood and adulthood whereas the autosomal recessive infantile (malignant) form has severe presentations appearing in very early childhood, if untreated, is typically fatal during infancy or early childhood. A rare autosomal recessive (intermediate) form is present during childhood with some signs and symptoms of malignant osteopetrosis.

Status of gastric lavage in neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) can develop feed intolerance during first few days of post -natal period. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the objectives of to find out the incidence of feed intolerance in vigorous neonates with MSAF who received gastric lavage (GL) as compared to those in whom it was not performed.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial on 500 neonates satisfying the inclusion criteria, 230 were allocated to GL and 270 to no lavage group through computer generated random numbers.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Elevated Thyroglobulin in Infants with Chronic Excess Iodine Intake.

Background: Acute iodine excess in newborns can cause hypothyroidism, but there are limited data on the effects of iodine excess on thyroid function in older infants. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of chronic excess iodine intake on thyroid function in 6-24-month-old infants.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, infants (n=696) in eastern Nepal were studied.

Role of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo controlled study.

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children.

Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of Zinc supplementation in treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children.

Design/methods: A double blind randomized, placebo- controlled clinical trial conducted at a tertiary care centre of a teaching hospital.

Electrocardiographic and enzymatic correlations with outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Background: Perinatal asphyxia leading to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common problem causing multi organ dysfunction including myocardial involvement which can affect the outcome.

Objective: To evaluate the myocardial dysfunction in neonates having HIE by electrocardiographic(ECG) and cardiac enzymes (CK Total, CK-MB and Troponin I) and find out the relationship with HIE and outcome.

Design/methods: This was a hospital based prospective study.

Atypical clinical presentation of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): a case report.

Introduction: We present a very rare case of mucopolysaccharidosis with atypical presentation such as mild mental retardation, an acrocephalic head and no corneal clouding. The purpose of presenting this case is to highlight the distinctive manifestation of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome).

Case Presentation: A 10-year-old East Asian boy presented with abdominal distension of five years' duration and complained of shortness of breath on and off for the same period.