Modulating Driver Alertness via Ambient Olfactory Stimulation: A Wearable Electroencephalography Study.

Poor alertness levels and related changes in cognitive efficiency are common when performing monotonous tasks such as extended driving. Recent studies have investigated driver alertness decrement and possible strategies for modulating alertness with the goal of improving reaction times to safety critical events. However, most studies rely on subjective measures in assessing alertness changes, while the use of olfactory stimuli, which are known to be strong modulators of cognitive states, has not been commensurately explored in driving alertness settings.

Trace element pollution tracking in the complex multi-aquifer groundwater system of Al-Hassa oasis (Saudi Arabia) using spatial, chemometric and index-based techniques.

In a global context, trace element pollution assessment in complex multi-aquifer groundwater systems is important, considering the growing concerns about water resource quality and sustainability worldwide. This research addresses multiple objectives by integrating spatial, chemometric, and indexical study approaches, for assessing trace element pollution in the multi-aquifer groundwater system of the Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. Groundwater sampling and analysis followed standard methods.

Active alleviation of fatigue stress on blades by adaptively maneuvered deformable trailing edge flaps (DTEF).

The concept of "smart rotor" is an evolving advancement in wind turbine which enables an intelligent active flow control in rotor. The deformable trailing edge flap (DTEF) is a part of smart rotor concept which implements a customized active load control. The trailing edge flap actuator effectively replaces the tedious blade pitch actuation and conserves the actuation energy required for pitching the entire blade.

A Sequential Transition Metal and Organocatalytic Approach to the Enantioselective Synthesis of C2-Spiroindoline Systems.

We report herein an organocatalyzed enantioselective spirocyclization strategy to access valuable C2-spiroindoline scaffolds bearing a quaternary stereocenter via an aza-Michael addition reaction, wherein the acid additive plays the role of dual functionality. The substrates for this key step were put together by an -selective, Pd-catalyzed γ-arylation of silyldienol ethers of the corresponding cyclohexenones. A close alliance between a low catalyst loading and a slow reaction rate yields C2-spiroindolines with good enantioselectivity.

Comparative combustion, emission, and performance analysis of a diesel engine using carbon nanotube (CNT) blended with three different generations of biodiesel.

Nano-additives are being employed in successive generations of biodiesels to increase the performance characteristics and output of diesel engines. In this study, the impact of mixing carbon nanotubes (CNT) with three different generations of biodiesel in a diesel engine is assessed. With 100 ppm of CNT nanoparticles mixed together, pure biodiesels made from first-generation oil (soybean), second-generation oil (neem), and third-generation oil (Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae) are used for the analysis.

Security issues and challenges in cloud of things-based applications for industrial automation.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, industries have gained a thrust on contactless processing for computing technologies and industrial automation. Cloud of Things (CoT) is one of the emerging computing technologies for such applications. CoT combines the most emerging cloud computing and the Internet of Things.

Investigating the effects of variability of operational parameters on MATH test for bacterial hydrophobicity measurement.

Microbial adhesion and transport are significantly influenced by their hydrophobicity. Various domains, such as biofouling, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, oil recovery, pathogenesis, implant infections, and several other microbial disciplines, make use of hydrophobicity assessment. One easy assay for assessing the microbial surface hydrophobicity is the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) test which works on the differential partitioning of microbes at a hydrocarbon-aqueous interface.

Epigenetic factors in breast cancer therapy.

Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked.

A New Classification System for Acetabular Bone Defect Evaluation in Posttraumatic Acetabular Nonunion and Malunion.

Introduction: There is no distinct classification system to evaluate the bone defect in previously managed acetabular fractures. We propose a new classification system for bone defect evaluation in a previously managed acetabular fracture that will be helpful for total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Materials And Methods: The preoperative pelvis radiographs of 99 THA patients with previous acetabular fractures with at least 2 years of follow-up were evaluated by 10 experienced surgeons (Paprosky and new classification systems).

Safety and efficacy of perioperative tranexamic acid infusion in acetabular fracture fixation: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind prospective study.

Introduction: Open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fracture is associated with significant blood loss. Although Tranexamic acid (TXA) infusion effectively reduces perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective orthopedic surgery, its efficacy in major orthopedic trauma surgery is controversial.

Material And Methods: Sixty-three patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fracture were randomized into either TXA (n = 36) or placebo (n = 27) group.

Satisfaction and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgeries in Indian Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Recently, the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been considered as the most important assessment tool for surgical outcome evaluation in arthroplasty. However, no study from the Indian subcontinent has evaluated the PROM in the total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasties.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 1244 North Indian patients following primary THA and TKA who had at least one-year follow-up.

Palladium-catalyzed functionalizations of acidic and non-acidic C(sp)-H bonds - recent advances.

A tremendous upsurge has been seen in the recent decade for the proximal and remote functionalization of activated and unactivated substrates via palladium redox pathways. This feature article discusses some of the recent reports on direct as well as indirect C(sp3)-H functionalization via cross-coupling reactions under palladium catalysis. Activated substrates (possessing acidic C(sp3)-H) including enones, ketones, aldehydes, silylenol ethers, esters, silyl ketene acetals, amides, cyano, α-amino esters, and O-carbamates, capable of undergoing cross-coupling reactions at the α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ε-positions, will be discussed.

Anatomical quadrilateral plate for acetabulum fractures involving quadrilateral surface: A review.

Introduction: The management of acetabulum fractures in osteoporotic elderly, as well as comminuted fractures in younger patients is likely to be difficult. These fractures need specific fixation techniques especially when the quadrilateral plate is involved. Standard implants may not be able to adequately support the fixation, so newer pre-shaped fixation plates have been proposed with some of these already in use.

Implementation of data intelligence models coupled with ensemble machine learning for prediction of water quality index.

In recent decades, various conventional techniques have been formulated around the world to evaluate the overall water quality (WQ) at particular locations. In the present study, back propagation neural network (BPNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector regression (SVR), and one multilinear regression (MLR) are considered for the prediction of water quality index (WQI) at three stations, namely Nizamuddin, Palla, and Udi (Chambal), across the Yamuna River, India. The nonlinear ensemble technique was proposed using the neural network ensemble (NNE) approach to improve the performance accuracy of the single models.

GeoGebra: A reliable and free software for measuring acetabular cup anteversion on digitalized plain radiographs.

Objective: Although accurate measurement of cup anteversion in hip replacement requires CT scans, however, its routine application, especially during follow-up, remains economically and ethically unreasonable. Thus, several methods have been devised for making this measurement on plain radiographs. In recent years, several ways have been adopted using software on digital radiographs.

Palladium-Mediated Remote Functionalization in γ- and ε-Arylations and Alkenylations of Unblocked Cyclic Enones.

We report herein an extensive investigation of simple and regioselective - as well as -γ-arylations of silyl-dienol ethers of unblocked cyclic enones with the utilization of palladium-catalyzed, modified Kuwajima-Urabe conditions. We have also successfully explored a new -ε-arylation of silyl-trienol ethers of π-extended cyclic enones. In addition, we also report, herein, exclusive γ- and ε-alkenylation of silyl-dienol and silyl-trienol ethers of cyclic enones.

Implant-associated Hoffa's Fracture in a Floating Knee: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Complex floating knee in the presence of a previous implant creates an unusual fracture pattern which is a rare entity and poses a unique challenge in management and subsequent rehabilitation.

Case Report: A 56-year-old psychiatric patient who jumped from height had a polytrauma and a floating knee injury. Following the primary care and damage control surgery with knee-spanning fixator at some other centers, he was shifted to us on ventilator care and was directly admitted to intensive care unit for further management.

Total hip arthroplasty for arthritis following acetabular fractures-evaluation of radiological, functional and quality of life parameters.

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been termed as 'operation of the century' as it provides a stable and mobile hip to patients who are debilitated by pathologies affecting the hip. Acetabular fractures pose a challenge for their initial management as well for the management of secondary osteoarthritis which is often the outcome of these fractures. The study attempts to evaluate the short term radiological, functional and quality of life outcomes of THA done in patients with prior acetabular fractures and to find a correlation between various factors.

Performance Comparison of Three Chemical Vapor Deposited Aminosilanes in Peptide Synthesis: Effects of Silane on Peptide Stability and Purity.

Silicon oxide substrates underwent gas-phase functionalization with various aminosilanes, and the resulting surfaces were evaluated for their suitability as a solid support for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), APDEMS (3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane), and APDIPES (3-aminopropyldiisopropylethoxysilane) were individually applied to thermal oxide-terminated silicon substrates via gas-phase deposition. Coated surfaces were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), contact angle goniometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectrophotometry.

Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Silylenol Ethers in the Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Phenanthridines.

A diverse array of isoquinolines and phenanthridines have been accessed by developing a two-step, one-pot method constituting regioselective palladium-catalyzed Kuwajima-Urabe α-arylation of silylenol ethers and acid-mediated deprotection, annulation, and aromatization. Structural diversity in the silylenol ethers leads to three different classes of isoquinolines and phenanthridines from which related natural products can be derived. The synthetic utility of this method by the quick assembly of the natural product trispheridine is also demonstrated.

Endodontic Management of a Maxillary First Molar with Seven Root Canals Using Spiral Computed Tomography.

The main objective of this case report is to present a rare root canal configuration of maxillary molar with seven root canals; three mesiobuccal, two palatal and two distobuccal canals diagnosed during treatment procedure confirmed by spiral computed tomography. A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology, proper clinical and radiographic examination, and use of dental operating microscopes are necessary for successful clinical outcomes. This article highlights the variations in the morphology of maxillary first molar and use of the latest techniques in successful diagnosis and negotiation of the additional canals.

Longitudinal study of body composition in spinal cord injury patients.

Background: Bone mass loss and muscle atrophy are the frequent complications occurring after spinal cord injury (SCI). The potential risks involved with these changes in the body composition have implications for the health of the SCI individual. Thus, there is a need to quantitate and monitor body composition changes accurately in an individual with SCI.

Glenoid fossa fractures: Outcome of operative and nonoperative treatment.

Background: Glenoid fossa fractures are rare injuries having a prevalence of 0.1%. These fractures may be managed operatively if substantially displaced.

Miswak: A periodontist's perspective.

Meticulous plaque control on a daily routine basis is the single most important step to achieve good oral health. Herbal chewing sticks, commonly known as Miswak, are among the ancient and traditional oral hygiene aids popular in India, Pakistan, most of the Arabian countries, and several African countries. But nowadays, because of low cost, free availability, unique chemical composition, and spiritual beliefs, miswak is being used worldwide.