Correlation of Hand Digit Length Ratio, Anogenital Distance, and Severity of Hypospadias among Prepubertal Boys.

Aims: Antenatal androgen exposure has been suggested as a contributing factor in hypospadias etiology. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between anogenital distance (AGD), index finger-to-ring finger ratio (2D:4D ratio), and hypospadias severity in prepubertal boys, with the goal of exploring these parameters as potential markers of genital anomalies in utero.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on boys under 8 years old presenting to our outpatient department (April 2020-December 2022).

Intraoperative Regional Cerebral Oxygenation During Pediatric Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Ventilating a pediatric patient during thoracoscopy is challenging. Few studies have highlighted the impact of capnothorax in children by measuring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO) with near infrared spectroscopy. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the data from relevant studies and assess whether thoracoscopy in children is associated with intraoperative pathological cerebral desaturation.

Postoperative necrotising enterocolitis following incarcerated inguinal hernia repair.

The occurrence of postoperative necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is rare. In comparison with the commonly known inciting factors for the development of NEC, surgical stress as a cause of NEC is relatively uncommon. We report a case of incarcerated inguinal hernia in a preterm infant who clinically deteriorated in the postoperative period because of NEC following herniotomy.

Congenital true oesophageal diverticulum: a report and review of the literature.

Oesophageal diverticulum occurring secondary to motility disorders or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in adults but true congenital oesophageal diverticula are rare in infants and children. We present a case of a toddler boy who presented with dysphagia and vomiting after feeds after weaning was attempted starting at 6 months of age. Barium esophagogram revealed a diverticulum in the upper one-third of the oesophagus within the thoracic cavity.

Medical Image Captioning Using Optimized Deep Learning Model.

Medical image captioning provides the visual information of medical images in the form of natural language. It requires an efficient approach to understand and evaluate the similarity between visual and textual elements and to generate a sequence of output words. A novel show, attend, and tell model (ATM) is implemented, which considers a visual attention approach using an encoder-decoder model.

Paediatric thoracic wall lipoblastoma in a 7-year old: a rare tumour of childhood.

Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour derived from embryonic white fat tissue. Lipoblastoma generally occurs in children less than 3 years of age, and fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the English literature. There are hardly a dozen reports describing intrathoracic and thoracic involvement.

Contrasting the microbiomes from healthy volunteers and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Importance: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the persistent inflammation of the sinus and nasal passages lasting over 3 months. The etiology of CRS is not well understood.

Objective: To obtain insights into the disease process, we contrasted the microbiome and immune response from patients with CRS and healthy controls.